Belarus IMF Account: Fund Position: Annual
BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: Allocations of SDRs to Date
BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: Allocations of SDRs to Date data was reported at 1,021.831 XDR mn in 2023. This stayed constant from the previous number of 1,021.831 XDR mn for 2022. BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: Allocations of SDRs to Date data is updated yearly, averaging 0.000 XDR mn from Dec 1945 (Median) to 2023, with 79 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,021.831 XDR mn in 2023 and a record low of 0.000 XDR mn in 2008. BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: Allocations of SDRs to Date data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Belarus – Table BY.IMF.IFS: IMF Account: Fund Position: Annual.
Last | Frequency | Range |
---|---|---|
1,021.831 2023 | yearly | 1945 - 2023 |
View Belarus's BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: Allocations of SDRs to Date from 1945 to 2023 in the chart:
BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: Currency Holdings: % of Quota
BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: Currency Holdings: % of Quota data was reported at 100.000 % pa in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 100.000 % pa for 2022. BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: Currency Holdings: % of Quota data is updated yearly, averaging 107.559 % pa from Dec 1992 (Median) to 2023, with 32 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 687.349 % pa in 2011 and a record low of 100.000 % pa in 2023. BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: Currency Holdings: % of Quota data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Belarus – Table BY.IMF.IFS: IMF Account: Fund Position: Annual.
Last | Frequency | Range |
---|---|---|
100.000 2023 | yearly | 1992 - 2023 |
View Belarus's BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: Currency Holdings: % of Quota from 1992 to 2023 in the chart:
BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: Fund Holdings of Currency
BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: Fund Holdings of Currency data was reported at 681.499 XDR mn in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 681.500 XDR mn for 2022. BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: Fund Holdings of Currency data is updated yearly, averaging 0.000 XDR mn from Dec 1945 (Median) to 2023, with 79 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2,655.917 XDR mn in 2011 and a record low of 0.000 XDR mn in 1991. BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: Fund Holdings of Currency data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Belarus – Table BY.IMF.IFS: IMF Account: Fund Position: Annual.
Last | Frequency | Range |
---|---|---|
681.499 2023 | yearly | 1945 - 2023 |
View Belarus's BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: Fund Holdings of Currency from 1945 to 2023 in the chart:
BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: Lending to the Fund
BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: Lending to the Fund data was reported at 0.000 XDR mn in 2023. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.000 XDR mn for 2022. BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: Lending to the Fund data is updated yearly, averaging 0.000 XDR mn from Dec 1945 (Median) to 2023, with 79 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.000 XDR mn in 2023 and a record low of 0.000 XDR mn in 2023. BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: Lending to the Fund data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Belarus – Table BY.IMF.IFS: IMF Account: Fund Position: Annual.
Last | Frequency | Range |
---|---|---|
0.000 2023 | yearly | 1945 - 2023 |
View Belarus's BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: Lending to the Fund from 1945 to 2023 in the chart:
Belarus BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: Net Cumulative Allocation: Escrow Account
BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: Net Cumulative Allocation: Escrow Account data was reported at 0.000 XDR mn in 2017. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.000 XDR mn for 2016. BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: Net Cumulative Allocation: Escrow Account data is updated yearly, averaging 0.000 XDR mn from Dec 1945 (Median) to 2017, with 73 observations. BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: Net Cumulative Allocation: Escrow Account data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Belarus – Table BY.IMF.IFS: IMF Account: Fund Position: Annual.
Last | Frequency | Range |
---|---|---|
0.000 2017 | yearly | 1945 - 2017 |
View Belarus's Belarus BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: Net Cumulative Allocation: Escrow Account from 1945 to 2017 in the chart:
Belarus BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: Overdue Obligations
BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: Overdue Obligations data was reported at 0.000 XDR mn in 2017. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.000 XDR mn for 2016. BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: Overdue Obligations data is updated yearly, averaging 0.000 XDR mn from Dec 1945 (Median) to 2017, with 73 observations. BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: Overdue Obligations data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Belarus – Table BY.IMF.IFS: IMF Account: Fund Position: Annual.
Last | Frequency | Range |
---|---|---|
0.000 2017 | yearly | 1945 - 2017 |
View Belarus's Belarus BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: Overdue Obligations from 1945 to 2017 in the chart:
BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: Quota
BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: Quota data was reported at 681.500 XDR mn in 2023. This stayed constant from the previous number of 681.500 XDR mn for 2022. BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: Quota data is updated yearly, averaging 0.000 XDR mn from Dec 1945 (Median) to 2023, with 79 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 681.500 XDR mn in 2023 and a record low of 0.000 XDR mn in 1991. BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: Quota data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Belarus – Table BY.IMF.IFS: IMF Account: Fund Position: Annual.
Last | Frequency | Range |
---|---|---|
681.500 2023 | yearly | 1945 - 2023 |
View Belarus's BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: Quota from 1945 to 2023 in the chart:
BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: Reserve Position in the Fund
BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: Reserve Position in the Fund data was reported at 0.020 XDR mn in 2023. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.020 XDR mn for 2022. BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: Reserve Position in the Fund data is updated yearly, averaging 0.000 XDR mn from Dec 1945 (Median) to 2023, with 79 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.020 XDR mn in 2001 and a record low of 0.000 XDR mn in 1991. BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: Reserve Position in the Fund data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Belarus – Table BY.IMF.IFS: IMF Account: Fund Position: Annual.
Last | Frequency | Range |
---|---|---|
0.020 2023 | yearly | 1945 - 2023 |
View Belarus's BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: Reserve Position in the Fund from 1945 to 2023 in the chart:
BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: Reserve Tranche Position
BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: Reserve Tranche Position data was reported at 0.020 XDR mn in 2023. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.020 XDR mn for 2022. BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: Reserve Tranche Position data is updated yearly, averaging 0.000 XDR mn from Dec 1945 (Median) to 2023, with 79 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.020 XDR mn in 2001 and a record low of 0.000 XDR mn in 1991. BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: Reserve Tranche Position data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Belarus – Table BY.IMF.IFS: IMF Account: Fund Position: Annual.
Last | Frequency | Range |
---|---|---|
0.020 2023 | yearly | 1945 - 2023 |
View Belarus's BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: Reserve Tranche Position from 1945 to 2023 in the chart:
BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: SDR Holdings: % of Allocation
BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: SDR Holdings: % of Allocation data was reported at 100.508 % pa in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 100.492 % pa for 2022. BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: SDR Holdings: % of Allocation data is updated yearly, averaging 100.854 % pa from Dec 2009 (Median) to 2023, with 15 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 101.137 % pa in 2011 and a record low of 100.002 % pa in 2010. BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: SDR Holdings: % of Allocation data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Belarus – Table BY.IMF.IFS: IMF Account: Fund Position: Annual.
Last | Frequency | Range |
---|---|---|
100.508 2023 | yearly | 2009 - 2023 |
View Belarus's BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: SDR Holdings: % of Allocation from 2009 to 2023 in the chart:
BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: SDRs
BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: SDRs data was reported at 1,027.023 XDR mn in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 1,026.854 XDR mn for 2022. BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: SDRs data is updated yearly, averaging 0.000 XDR mn from Dec 1945 (Median) to 2023, with 79 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,027.023 XDR mn in 2023 and a record low of 0.000 XDR mn in 1992. BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: SDRs data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Belarus – Table BY.IMF.IFS: IMF Account: Fund Position: Annual.
Last | Frequency | Range |
---|---|---|
1,027.023 2023 | yearly | 1945 - 2023 |
View Belarus's BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: SDRs from 1945 to 2023 in the chart:
BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: UFC: % of Quota
BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: UFC: % of Quota data was reported at 0.000 % pa in 2023. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.000 % pa for 2022. BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: UFC: % of Quota data is updated yearly, averaging 7.559 % pa from Dec 1992 (Median) to 2023, with 32 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 587.349 % pa in 2011 and a record low of 0.000 % pa in 2023. BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: UFC: % of Quota data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Belarus – Table BY.IMF.IFS: IMF Account: Fund Position: Annual.
Last | Frequency | Range |
---|---|---|
0.000 2023 | yearly | 1992 - 2023 |
View Belarus's BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: UFC: % of Quota from 1992 to 2023 in the chart:
BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: UFC: General Resources Account
BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: UFC: General Resources Account data was reported at 0.000 XDR mn in 2023. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.000 XDR mn for 2022. BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: UFC: General Resources Account data is updated yearly, averaging 0.000 XDR mn from Dec 1945 (Median) to 2023, with 79 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2,269.517 XDR mn in 2011 and a record low of 0.000 XDR mn in 2023. BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: UFC: General Resources Account data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Belarus – Table BY.IMF.IFS: IMF Account: Fund Position: Annual.
Last | Frequency | Range |
---|---|---|
0.000 2023 | yearly | 1945 - 2023 |
View Belarus's BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: UFC: General Resources Account from 1945 to 2023 in the chart:
BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: UFC: Outstanding Loans: Structural Adj. Facility, Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility & Trust Fund
BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: UFC: Outstanding Loans: Structural Adj. Facility, Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility & Trust Fund data was reported at 0.000 XDR mn in 2023. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.000 XDR mn for 2022. BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: UFC: Outstanding Loans: Structural Adj. Facility, Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility & Trust Fund data is updated yearly, averaging 0.000 XDR mn from Dec 1945 (Median) to 2023, with 79 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.000 XDR mn in 2023 and a record low of 0.000 XDR mn in 2023. BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: UFC: Outstanding Loans: Structural Adj. Facility, Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility & Trust Fund data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Belarus – Table BY.IMF.IFS: IMF Account: Fund Position: Annual.
Last | Frequency | Range |
---|---|---|
0.000 2023 | yearly | 1945 - 2023 |
View Belarus's BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: UFC: Outstanding Loans: Structural Adj. Facility, Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility & Trust Fund from 1945 to 2023 in the chart:
Belarus BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: USD: Allocations of SDRs to Date
BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: USD: Allocations of SDRs to Date data was reported at 524.998 USD mn in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 495.579 USD mn for 2016. BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: USD: Allocations of SDRs to Date data is updated yearly, averaging 0.000 USD mn from Dec 1945 (Median) to 2017, with 73 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 577.919 USD mn in 2009 and a record low of 0.000 USD mn in 2008. BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: USD: Allocations of SDRs to Date data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Belarus – Table BY.IMF.IFS: IMF Account: Fund Position: Annual.
Last | Frequency | Range |
---|---|---|
524.998 2017 | yearly | 1945 - 2017 |
View Belarus's Belarus BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: USD: Allocations of SDRs to Date from 1945 to 2017 in the chart:
Belarus BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: USD: Fund Holdings of Currency
BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: USD: Fund Holdings of Currency data was reported at 970.547 USD mn in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 916.161 USD mn for 2016. BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: USD: Fund Holdings of Currency data is updated yearly, averaging 0.000 USD mn from Dec 1945 (Median) to 2017, with 73 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 4.090 USD bn in 2010 and a record low of 0.000 USD mn in 1991. BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: USD: Fund Holdings of Currency data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Belarus – Table BY.IMF.IFS: IMF Account: Fund Position: Annual.
Last | Frequency | Range |
---|---|---|
970.547 2017 | yearly | 1945 - 2017 |
View Belarus's Belarus BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: USD: Fund Holdings of Currency from 1945 to 2017 in the chart:
Belarus BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: USD: Lending to the Fund
BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: USD: Lending to the Fund data was reported at 0.000 USD mn in 2017. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.000 USD mn for 2016. BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: USD: Lending to the Fund data is updated yearly, averaging 0.000 USD mn from Dec 1945 (Median) to 2017, with 73 observations. BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: USD: Lending to the Fund data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Belarus – Table BY.IMF.IFS: IMF Account: Fund Position: Annual.
Last | Frequency | Range |
---|---|---|
0.000 2017 | yearly | 1945 - 2017 |
View Belarus's Belarus BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: USD: Lending to the Fund from 1945 to 2017 in the chart:
Belarus BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: USD: Net Cumulative Allocation: Escrow Account
BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: USD: Net Cumulative Allocation: Escrow Account data was reported at 0.000 USD mn in 2017. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.000 USD mn for 2016. BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: USD: Net Cumulative Allocation: Escrow Account data is updated yearly, averaging 0.000 USD mn from Dec 1945 (Median) to 2017, with 73 observations. BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: USD: Net Cumulative Allocation: Escrow Account data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Belarus – Table BY.IMF.IFS: IMF Account: Fund Position: Annual.
Last | Frequency | Range |
---|---|---|
0.000 2017 | yearly | 1945 - 2017 |
View Belarus's Belarus BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: USD: Net Cumulative Allocation: Escrow Account from 1945 to 2017 in the chart:
Belarus BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: USD: Overdue Obligations
BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: USD: Overdue Obligations data was reported at 0.000 USD mn in 2017. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.000 USD mn for 2016. BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: USD: Overdue Obligations data is updated yearly, averaging 0.000 USD mn from Dec 1945 (Median) to 2017, with 73 observations. BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: USD: Overdue Obligations data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Belarus – Table BY.IMF.IFS: IMF Account: Fund Position: Annual.
Last | Frequency | Range |
---|---|---|
0.000 2017 | yearly | 1945 - 2017 |
View Belarus's Belarus BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: USD: Overdue Obligations from 1945 to 2017 in the chart:
Belarus BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: USD: Quota
BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: USD: Quota data was reported at 970.547 USD mn in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 916.161 USD mn for 2016. BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: USD: Quota data is updated yearly, averaging 0.000 USD mn from Dec 1945 (Median) to 2017, with 73 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 970.547 USD mn in 2017 and a record low of 0.000 USD mn in 1991. BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: USD: Quota data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Belarus – Table BY.IMF.IFS: IMF Account: Fund Position: Annual.
Last | Frequency | Range |
---|---|---|
970.547 2017 | yearly | 1945 - 2017 |
View Belarus's Belarus BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: USD: Quota from 1945 to 2017 in the chart:
Belarus BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: USD: Reserve Tranche Position
BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: USD: Reserve Tranche Position data was reported at 0.028 USD mn in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.027 USD mn for 2016. BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: USD: Reserve Tranche Position data is updated yearly, averaging 0.000 USD mn from Dec 1945 (Median) to 2017, with 73 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.032 USD mn in 2007 and a record low of 0.000 USD mn in 1991. BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: USD: Reserve Tranche Position data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Belarus – Table BY.IMF.IFS: IMF Account: Fund Position: Annual.
Last | Frequency | Range |
---|---|---|
0.028 2017 | yearly | 1945 - 2017 |
View Belarus's Belarus BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: USD: Reserve Tranche Position from 1945 to 2017 in the chart:
Belarus BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: USD: UFC: General Resources Account
BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: USD: UFC: General Resources Account data was reported at 0.000 USD mn in 2017. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.000 USD mn for 2016. BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: USD: UFC: General Resources Account data is updated yearly, averaging 0.000 USD mn from Dec 1945 (Median) to 2017, with 73 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3.495 USD bn in 2010 and a record low of 0.000 USD mn in 2017. BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: USD: UFC: General Resources Account data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Belarus – Table BY.IMF.IFS: IMF Account: Fund Position: Annual.
Last | Frequency | Range |
---|---|---|
0.000 2017 | yearly | 1945 - 2017 |
View Belarus's Belarus BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: USD: UFC: General Resources Account from 1945 to 2017 in the chart:
Belarus BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: USD: UFC: Outstanding Loans: Structural Adj. Facility, Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility & Trust Fund
BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: USD: UFC: Outstanding Loans: Structural Adj. Facility, Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility & Trust Fund data was reported at 0.000 USD mn in 2017. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.000 USD mn for 2016. BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: USD: UFC: Outstanding Loans: Structural Adj. Facility, Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility & Trust Fund data is updated yearly, averaging 0.000 USD mn from Dec 1945 (Median) to 2017, with 73 observations. BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: USD: UFC: Outstanding Loans: Structural Adj. Facility, Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility & Trust Fund data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Belarus – Table BY.IMF.IFS: IMF Account: Fund Position: Annual.
Last | Frequency | Range |
---|---|---|
0.000 2017 | yearly | 1945 - 2017 |
View Belarus's Belarus BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: USD: UFC: Outstanding Loans: Structural Adj. Facility, Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility & Trust Fund from 1945 to 2017 in the chart:
BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: Use of Fund Credit (UFC)
BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: Use of Fund Credit (UFC) data was reported at 0.000 XDR mn in 2023. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.000 XDR mn for 2022. BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: Use of Fund Credit (UFC) data is updated yearly, averaging 0.000 XDR mn from Dec 1945 (Median) to 2023, with 79 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2,269.517 XDR mn in 2011 and a record low of 0.000 XDR mn in 2023. BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: Use of Fund Credit (UFC) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Belarus – Table BY.IMF.IFS: IMF Account: Fund Position: Annual.
Last | Frequency | Range |
---|---|---|
0.000 2023 | yearly | 1945 - 2023 |
View Belarus's BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: Use of Fund Credit (UFC) from 1945 to 2023 in the chart:
BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: Use of Fund Credit (UFC): USD
BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: Use of Fund Credit (UFC): USD data was reported at 0.000 USD mn in 2023. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.000 USD mn for 2022. BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: Use of Fund Credit (UFC): USD data is updated yearly, averaging 0.000 USD mn from Dec 1945 (Median) to 2023, with 79 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3.495 USD bn in 2010 and a record low of 0.000 USD mn in 2023. BY: IMF Account: Fund Position: Use of Fund Credit (UFC): USD data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Belarus – Table BY.IMF.IFS: IMF Account: Fund Position: Annual.
Last | Frequency | Range |
---|---|---|
0.000 2023 | yearly | 1945 - 2023 |