Denmark DK: Purchasing Power Parity: National Currency per USD

Denmark DK: Purchasing Power Parity: National Currency per USD data was reported at 6.106 USD/DKK in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 6.154 USD/DKK for 2022. Denmark DK: Purchasing Power Parity: National Currency per USD data is updated yearly, averaging 8.562 USD/DKK from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2023, with 43 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 9.230 USD/DKK in 1989 and a record low of 6.106 USD/DKK in 2023. Denmark DK: Purchasing Power Parity: National Currency per USD data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Denmark – Table DK.OECD.MSTI: Exchange Rate: OECD Member: Annual.

In Denmark: from reference year 2007, the surveys are conducted by Statistics Denmark (previously by the Danish Centre for Studies in Research and Research Policy). Modifications in the questionnaires have increased the response rate; this is particularly noticeable in the Business enterprise sector where survey response is now mandatory. Additionally, due to changes in the administrative structure, a number of institutes, previously classified in the Government sector, were merged with universities.

Until 2002, the HE-sector R&D expenditure was underestimated as R&D carried out in hospital departments at the university-hospitals was included in the Government sector.

As of 2002, the business enterprise survey specifically requests data on researchers, technicians and other personnel. Earlier data for R&D personnel by occupation are based on qualification.

In 2017, unit reclassification led to a break in series in the “industrial production and technology” socio-economic objective (increase) and the “general advancement of knowledge, other than GUF” (decrease). From 2002, GBARD data include government-financed R&D on renewable energy. In 2001, a new principle concerning budgeting of commitments was introduced: commitments of grants are carried to the debit side at the time of entering the commitment, where previously commitment of grants was carried to the debit side at maturity.

From 1999, provincial and local government funding is included in the GBARD data (in particular funding in provincial hospitals), as well as funding from the Danish National Research Foundation and the Danish Investment Fund. In 1983, 1988, and 1993, the method for breaking down GBARD data by socio-economic objectives changed, leading to breaks in series.

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