Lebanon Foreign Portfolio Investment
Key information about Lebanon Foreign Portfolio Investment
- Lebanon Foreign Portfolio Investment increased by 125.710 USD mn in Dec 2023, compared with a drop of 192.310 USD mn in the previous quarter.
- Lebanon Foreign Portfolio Investment: USD mn data is updated quarterly, available from Mar 2002 to Dec 2023.
- The data reached an all-time high of 4.336 USD bn in Sep 2016 and a record low of -1.819 USD bn in Jun 2023.
CEIC calculates quarterly Foreign Portfolio Investment from monthly Foreign Portfolio Investment. Banque du Liban provides Foreign Portfolio Investment in USD.
Related information about Lebanon Foreign Portfolio Investment
- In the latest reports of Lebanon, Current Account recorded a deficit of 227.390 USD mn in Dec 2023.
- Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) increased by 42.590 USD mn in Dec 2023.
- Lebanon Direct Investment Abroad expanded by 15.260 USD mn in Dec 2023.
- The country's Nominal GDP was reported at 63.482 USD bn in Dec 2020.
View Lebanon's Foreign Portfolio Investment from Mar 2002 to Dec 2023 in the chart:
What was Lebanon's Foreign Portfolio Investment in Dec 2023?
Lebanon Foreign Portfolio Investment increased by 125.710 USD mn in Dec 2023, compared with a drop of 192.310 USD mn in the previous quarter. See the table below for more data.
Last | Previous | Min | Max | Unit | Frequency | Range |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
125.710 Dec 2023 | -192.310 Sep 2023 | -1,819.390 Jun 2023 | 4,336.150 Sep 2016 | USD mn | quarterly | Mar 2002 - Dec 2023 |
Foreign Portfolio Investment by Country Comparison
country/region | Last | Frequency | Range |
---|---|---|---|
Albania (USD mn) | -22.297 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2007 - Sep 2024 |
Argentina (USD mn) | -2,781.197 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1994 - Sep 2024 |
Armenia (USD mn) | 6.560 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1993 - Sep 2024 |
Australia (USD mn) | 37,197.753 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Sep 1988 - Dec 2024 |
Austria (USD mn) | 11,473.915 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1995 - Sep 2024 |
Azerbaijan (USD mn) | -71.034 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2013 - Sep 2024 |
Bahrain (USD mn) | 1,505.261 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2018 - Sep 2024 |
Bangladesh (USD mn) | 1.758 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Sep 1997 - Sep 2024 |
Belarus (USD mn) | -3.476 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1996 - Sep 2024 |
Belgium (USD mn) | 19,820.645 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2002 - Sep 2024 |
Bolivia (USD mn) | 2.187 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2014 - Sep 2024 |
Bosnia and Herzegovina (USD mn) | -0.038 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2007 - Sep 2024 |
Botswana (USD mn) | 13.682 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2004 - Sep 2024 |
Brazil (USD mn) | -2,447.748 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1995 - Dec 2024 |
Bulgaria (USD mn) | 3,389.908 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Dec 1994 - Sep 2024 |
Cambodia (USD mn) | 0.000 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2010 - Sep 2024 |
Canada (USD mn) | 35,588.060 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1950 - Dec 2024 |
Chile (USD mn) | 424.427 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1996 - Dec 2024 |
China (USD mn) | 23,982.068 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1998 - Sep 2024 |
Colombia (USD mn) | 1,875.103 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2000 - Dec 2024 |
Croatia (USD mn) | -269.030 Dec 2022 | quarterly | Mar 1993 - Dec 2022 |
Cyprus (USD mn) | -278.029 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2008 - Sep 2024 |
Czech Republic (USD mn) | 5,240.420 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1993 - Sep 2024 |
Denmark (USD mn) | 528.579 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1999 - Dec 2024 |
Ecuador (USD mn) | -24.262 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1999 - Sep 2024 |
Egypt (USD mn) | -104.500 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Dec 1993 - Jun 2024 |
Estonia (USD mn) | 365.258 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2008 - Dec 2024 |
European Union (USD mn) | 239,270.288 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1999 - Sep 2024 |
Finland (USD mn) | -317.574 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1996 - Dec 2024 |
France (USD mn) | 28,210.380 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1997 - Dec 2024 |
Georgia (USD mn) | 357.268 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2000 - Sep 2024 |
Germany (USD mn) | 62,073.293 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1971 - Sep 2024 |
Ghana (USD mn) | -308.059 Dec 2021 | quarterly | Mar 2011 - Dec 2021 |
Greece (USD mn) | 2,990.284 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2000 - Dec 2024 |
Hong Kong SAR, China (USD mn) | 1,175.550 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1999 - Sep 2024 |
Hungary (USD mn) | 1,877.711 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1990 - Sep 2024 |
Iceland (USD mn) | 250.463 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1995 - Dec 2024 |
India (USD mn) | 19,815.071 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Jun 2009 - Sep 2024 |
Indonesia (USD mn) | -2,060.120 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2004 - Dec 2024 |
Iran (USD mn) | 45.600 2021 | yearly | 1997 - 2021 |
Ireland (USD mn) | 144,011.824 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2012 - Dec 2024 |
Israel (USD mn) | 3,039.000 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1980 - Sep 2024 |
Italy (USD mn) | 32,152.678 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1997 - Sep 2024 |
Ivory Coast (USD mn) | 320.821 2022 | yearly | 2005 - 2022 |
Japan (USD mn) | 4,839.177 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1996 - Dec 2024 |
Jordan (USD mn) | 76.023 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1977 - Sep 2024 |
Kazakhstan (USD mn) | 272.843 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Dec 1997 - Sep 2024 |
Kenya (USD mn) | -153.016 2023 | yearly | 2009 - 2023 |
South Korea (USD mn) | -4,888.900 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1980 - Dec 2024 |
Kosovo (USD mn) | 0.000 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2009 - Dec 2024 |
Kuwait (USD mn) | 1.965 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2012 - Sep 2024 |
Laos (USD mn) | -132.717 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1994 - Sep 2024 |
Latvia (USD mn) | 65.496 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2000 - Dec 2024 |
Lebanon (USD mn) | 125.710 Dec 2023 | quarterly | Mar 2002 - Dec 2023 |
Lithuania (USD mn) | 1,688.108 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1993 - Sep 2024 |
Luxembourg (USD mn) | 22,177.781 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2002 - Sep 2024 |
Macau SAR, China (USD mn) | -7,836.041 2023 | yearly | 2002 - 2023 |
North Macedonia (USD mn) | -3.597 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1998 - Dec 2024 |
Malawi (USD mn) | -146.374 2021 | yearly | 2003 - 2021 |
Malaysia (USD mn) | -3,719.393 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2005 - Dec 2024 |
Malta (USD mn) | -81.545 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1995 - Sep 2024 |
Mauritius (USD mn) | 884.000 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2007 - Sep 2024 |
Mexico (USD mn) | -193.488 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1980 - Dec 2024 |
Moldova (USD mn) | -0.790 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1995 - Sep 2024 |
Mongolia (USD mn) | 881.865 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1998 - Dec 2024 |
Montenegro (USD mn) | -35.868 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2005 - Dec 2024 |
Morocco (USD mn) | -155.902 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2014 - Sep 2024 |
Mozambique (USD mn) | 7.066 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1996 - Dec 2024 |
Netherlands (USD mn) | 30,173.287 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Jun 2003 - Sep 2024 |
New Zealand (USD mn) | 7,376.467 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Jun 1995 - Sep 2024 |
Nigeria (USD mn) | 4,416.719 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2008 - Jun 2024 |
Norway (USD mn) | 6,302.674 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1994 - Sep 2024 |
Oman (USD mn) | -4,153.446 2023 | yearly | 1996 - 2023 |
Pakistan (USD mn) | -213.000 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Sep 2002 - Dec 2024 |
Palestinian Territory (USD mn) | -49.000 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2011 - Sep 2024 |
Panama (USD mn) | -361.598 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2013 - Sep 2024 |
Paraguay (USD mn) | 0.000 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2000 - Sep 2024 |
Peru (USD mn) | 1,482.551 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1993 - Dec 2024 |
Philippines (USD mn) | 4,331.839 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2005 - Sep 2024 |
Poland (USD mn) | 4,562.000 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2000 - Dec 2024 |
Portugal (USD mn) | -1,975.548 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1996 - Dec 2024 |
Qatar (USD mn) | 819.780 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2011 - Sep 2024 |
Romania (USD mn) | -1,620.205 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2005 - Dec 2024 |
Russia (USD mn) | -3,447.300 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1994 - Sep 2024 |
Saudi Arabia (USD mn) | 6,044.079 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2008 - Sep 2024 |
Serbia (USD mn) | 421.828 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2007 - Dec 2024 |
Singapore (USD mn) | 7,653.178 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1995 - Dec 2024 |
Slovakia (USD mn) | 1,544.302 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1997 - Dec 2024 |
Slovenia (USD mn) | 366.985 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1994 - Dec 2024 |
South Africa (USD mn) | 2,538.594 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1985 - Sep 2024 |
Spain (USD mn) | 6,285.085 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1990 - Dec 2024 |
Sri Lanka (USD mn) | 146.023 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2012 - Sep 2024 |
Sudan (USD mn) | 0.200 Dec 2022 | quarterly | Sep 2004 - Dec 2022 |
Sweden (USD mn) | -11,935.135 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1982 - Dec 2024 |
Switzerland (USD mn) | -2,270.191 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1985 - Sep 2024 |
Taiwan (USD mn) | -6,598.000 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1981 - Dec 2024 |
Thailand (USD mn) | 2,765.600 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2005 - Sep 2024 |
Tunisia (USD mn) | -1,286.074 2024 | yearly | 1976 - 2024 |
Turkey (USD mn) | 4,413.000 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1992 - Dec 2024 |
Ukraine (USD mn) | 117.000 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1998 - Dec 2024 |
Accurate Macro & Micro Economic Data You Can Trust
Explore the most complete set of 6.6 million time series covering more than 200 economies, 20 industries and 18 macroeconomic sectors.
Learn more about what we doLebanon Key Series
Government and Public Finance | Last | Frequency | Range |
---|---|---|---|
Consolidated Fiscal Balance: % of GDP (%) | -4.3 2020 | yearly | 1992 - 2020 |
Consolidated Fiscal Balance (USD mn) | 405.307 Dec 2021 | monthly | Jan 1998 - Dec 2021 |
Tax Revenue (USD mn) | 1,153.980 Dec 2021 | monthly | Jan 1998 - Dec 2021 |
Tax Revenue: % of GDP (%) | 10.9 2020 | yearly | 1998 - 2020 |
National Government Debt (USD mn) | 101,813.6 Dec 2022 | monthly | Dec 2001 - Dec 2022 |
Government Debt: % of GDP (%) | 150.6 2020 | yearly | 1998 - 2020 |
Forecast: Government Expenditure (LBP bn) | 277,571.056 2023 | yearly | 1990 - 2023 |
Forecast: Government Net Debt (LBP bn) | 4,080,474.701 2023 | yearly | 2000 - 2023 |
Forecast: Government Revenue (LBP bn) | 269,359.681 2023 | yearly | 1990 - 2023 |
Govt Transactions: Budget: Revenue (LBP mn) | 2,118,726.000 Dec 2021 | monthly | Jan 1998 - Dec 2021 |
Govt Transactions: Budget: Expenditure (LBP mn) | 1,521,706.000 Dec 2021 | monthly | Jan 1998 - Dec 2021 |
Govt Transactions: Budget Deficit or Surplus (LBP mn) | 597,020.000 Dec 2021 | monthly | Jan 1998 - Dec 2021 |
Govt Transactions: Budget: Revenue: Tax (LBP mn) | 1,739,625.000 Dec 2021 | monthly | Jan 1998 - Dec 2021 |
Govt Transactions: Budget: Revenue: Tax: Value Added Tax (LBP mn) | 521,161.000 Dec 2021 | monthly | Feb 2002 - Dec 2021 |
Government Expenditure: ytd: Capital (LBP bn) | 246.000 Dec 2021 | monthly | Sep 2003 - Dec 2021 |
Government Expenditure: ytd: Current (LBP bn) | 15,619.000 Dec 2021 | monthly | Sep 2003 - Dec 2021 |
Public Debt: Outstanding: Gross: Domestic (LBP bn) | 890,545.000 Feb 2023 | monthly | Dec 1993 - Feb 2023 |
Public Debt: Outstanding: Gross (LBP bn) | 153,484.000 Dec 2022 | monthly | Dec 2001 - Dec 2022 |
Public Debt: Outstanding: Net (LBP bn) | 1,406,379.000 Feb 2023 | monthly | Dec 1993 - Feb 2023 |
Public Debt: Outstanding: Gross: Foreign (LBP bn) | 62,315.000 Dec 2022 | monthly | Dec 2001 - Dec 2022 |
Public Debt: Outstanding: Gross: Domestic: Long Term Bonds (LBP bn) | 85,953.000 Feb 2023 | monthly | Dec 1993 - Feb 2023 |
Public Debt: Outstanding: Gross: Domestic: Short Term Treasury Bills (LBP bn) | 4,916.000 Feb 2023 | monthly | Dec 1993 - Feb 2023 |
Foreign Trade | Last | Frequency | Range |
---|---|---|---|
Forecast: Exports of Goods Growth (%) | -21.652 2020 | yearly | 1980 - 2020 |
Trade Balance (USD mn) | -973.1 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 1993 - Dec 2024 |
Total Exports (USD mn) | 271.9 Dec 2022 | monthly | Jan 1993 - Dec 2022 |
Total Exports Growth (%) | -7.5 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 1994 - Dec 2024 |
Aluminum: Exports (USD th) | 23,178.182 2023 | yearly | 1995 - 2023 |
Exports: Medicament (USD th) | 53,396.391 2023 | yearly | 1995 - 2023 |
Exports: Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Product (USD th) | 1,047.379 2023 | yearly | 1995 - 2023 |
Total Imports (USD mn) | 1,251.0 Dec 2022 | monthly | Jan 1993 - Dec 2022 |
Total Imports Growth (%) | -4.8 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 1994 - Dec 2024 |
Imports: Medicament (USD th) | 424,064.381 2023 | yearly | 1995 - 2023 |
Imports: Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Product (USD th) | 133,119.241 2023 | yearly | 1995 - 2023 |
Total Exports to USA (USD mn) | 7.436 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 2010 - Dec 2024 |
Total Imports from USA (USD mn) | 30.491 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 2010 - Dec 2024 |
Total Exports to China (USD mn) | 3.336 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 2010 - Dec 2024 |
Total Imports from China (USD mn) | 144.002 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 1981 - Dec 2024 |
Imports: LBP (LBP bn) | 106,077.847 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 1993 - Dec 2024 |
Trade Balance: LBP (LBP bn) | -87,089.083 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 1993 - Dec 2024 |
Exports: LBP (LBP bn) | 18,988.764 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 1993 - Dec 2024 |
Exports: HS: 1-Digit: LBP: Pearls, Precious Stones and Metals (LBP mn) | 2,884,366.890 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 2000 - Dec 2024 |
Exports: HS: 1-Digit: LBP: Products of Chemical and Allied Industries (LBP mn) | 2,463,914.670 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 2000 - Dec 2024 |
Exports: HS: 1-Digit: LBP: Prepared Foodstuffs, Beverages and Tobacco (LBP mn) | 3,462,271.191 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 2000 - Dec 2024 |
Exports: HS: 1-Digit: LBP: Base Metals and Articles of Base Metal (LBP mn) | 3,304,158.233 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 2000 - Dec 2024 |
Exports: HS: 1-Digit: LBP: Machinery and Electrical Instruments (LBP mn) | 1,928,106.390 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 2000 - Dec 2024 |
Exports: MENA: Syria (USD mn) | 14.012 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2004 - Dec 2024 |
Exports: MENA: Saudi Arabia (USD mn) | 0.100 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2004 - Dec 2024 |
Exports: MENA: United Arab Emirates (USD mn) | 115.767 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2004 - Dec 2024 |
Exports: MENA: Iraq (USD mn) | 36.547 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2004 - Dec 2024 |
Exports: Europe: Switzerland (USD mn) | 24.882 Dec 2018 | quarterly | Mar 2004 - Dec 2018 |
Exports: Monthly: ow United States of America (USD) | 5,951,000.000 Jan 2020 | monthly | Jan 2010 - Jan 2020 |
Exports: Monthly: ow China (USD) | 37,000.000 Jan 2020 | monthly | Jan 2010 - Jan 2020 |
Imports: HS: 1-Digit: LBP: Vehicles, Aircraft, Vessels, Transport Equipment (LBP mn) | 6,497,169.735 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 2000 - Dec 2024 |
Imports: HS: 1-Digit: LBP: Mineral Products (LBP mn) | 28,742,630.923 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 2000 - Dec 2024 |
Imports: HS: 1-Digit: LBP: Machinery and Electrical Instruments (LBP mn) | 8,579,940.159 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 2000 - Dec 2024 |
Imports: HS: 1-Digit: LBP: Products of Chemical and Allied Industries (LBP mn) | 9,138,961.582 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 2000 - Dec 2024 |
Imports: HS: 1-Digit: LBP: Prepared Foodstuffs, Beverages and Tobacco (LBP mn) | 9,212,093.570 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 2000 - Dec 2024 |
Imports: Europe: Germany (USD mn) | 111.779 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2004 - Dec 2024 |
Imports: Europe: Italy (USD mn) | 149.389 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2004 - Dec 2024 |
Imports: Europe: France (USD mn) | 100.938 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2004 - Dec 2024 |
Imports: Monthly: ow United States of America (USD) | 73,007,000.000 Jan 2020 | monthly | Jan 2010 - Jan 2020 |
Imports: Monthly: ow China (USD) | 65,944,000.000 Jan 2020 | monthly | Jan 2010 - Jan 2020 |
Imports: MENA: Turkey (USD mn) | 288.709 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2004 - Dec 2024 |
Monetary | Last | Frequency | Range |
---|---|---|---|
Non Performing Loans Ratio (%) | 23.8 Jun 2020 | quarterly | Jun 2011 - Jun 2020 |
Money Supply M1 (USD mn) | 968.111 Nov 2024 | monthly | Dec 1979 - Nov 2024 |
Money Supply M2 (USD mn) | 1,221.339 Nov 2024 | monthly | Dec 1979 - Nov 2024 |
M2 Growth (%) | 7.4 Nov 2024 | monthly | Dec 1980 - Nov 2024 |
Reserve Requirement Ratio (%) | 25.0 Jan 2025 | monthly | Dec 2002 - Jan 2025 |
Foreign Exchange Reserves (USD mn) | 9,970.1 Jun 2024 | monthly | Jan 2024 - Jun 2024 |
Foreign Exchange Reserves: % of GDP (%) | 21.405 2021 | yearly | 2004 - 2021 |
Foreign Exchange Reserves: Months of Import (NA) | 12.5 Dec 2022 | monthly | Jan 1993 - Dec 2022 |
Gold Reserves (USD mn) | 26,389.639 Feb 2025 | monthly | Dec 1950 - Feb 2025 |
Total Deposits (USD mn) | 96,540.180 Apr 2023 | monthly | Dec 2017 - Apr 2023 |
Domestic Credit (USD mn) | 105,909.1 Jan 2018 | monthly | Mar 1965 - Jan 2018 |
Domestic Credit Growth (%) | 2.2 Jan 2018 | monthly | Mar 1966 - Jan 2018 |
Total Loans (USD mn) | 10,603.972 Jun 2024 | monthly | Mar 2002 - Jun 2024 |
Total Loans Growth (%) | 391.74 Jun 2024 | monthly | Mar 2003 - Jun 2024 |
Private Debt: % of Nominal GDP (%) | 102.16 2017 | yearly | 1988 - 2017 |
Money Supply: M4 (LBP bn) | 223,562.00 Jul 2018 | monthly | Jan 2017 - Jul 2018 |
Money Supply: M3 (LBP bn) | 212,335.00 Jul 2018 | monthly | Jan 2017 - Jul 2018 |
Reserve Requirement Ratio: Local Currency: Time Liabilities (%) | 15.000 Jan 2025 | monthly | Dec 2002 - Jan 2025 |
Utilized Credits: Financial Sector (LBP mn) | 949,055,530.000 Jun 2024 | monthly | Jun 2004 - Jun 2024 |
More Indicators for Lebanon
Request a demo of CEIC
CEIC’s economic databases cover over 200 global markets. Our Platform offers the most reliable macroeconomic data and advanced analytical tools.