Myanmar Teledensity: Mobile
1960 - 2022 | Yearly | Number | World Bank
Key information about Myanmar Teledensity: Mobile
- Myanmar Teledensity: Mobile was reported at 106.696 Number in Dec 2022
- This records a decrease from the previous number of 126.269 Number for Dec 2021
- Myanmar Teledensity: Mobile data is updated yearly, averaging 0.019 Number from Dec 1960 to 2022, with 51 observations
- The data reached an all-time high of 154.497 Number in 2019 and a record low of 0.000 Number in 1992
- Myanmar Teledensity: Mobile data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank
- The data is categorized under World Trend Plus’s Association: Telecommunication Sector – Table MM.World Bank.WDI: Telecommunication
View Myanmar's Teledensity: Mobile from 1960 to 2022 in the chart:
What was Myanmar's Teledensity: Mobile in 2022?
Myanmar Teledensity: Mobile was reported at 106.696 Number in Dec 2022 See the table below for more data.
| Last | Previous | Min | Max | Unit | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 106.696 2022 | 126.269 2021 | 0.000 1992 | 154.497 2019 | Number | yearly | 1960 - 2022 |
Teledensity: Mobile by Country Comparison
| country/region | Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|---|
| Afghanistan (Number) | 56.554 2021 | yearly | 1960 - 2021 |
| Albania (Number) | 97.886 2022 | yearly | 1960 - 2022 |
| Algeria (Number) | 106.424 2021 | yearly | 1960 - 2021 |
| Andorra (Number) | 142.214 2022 | yearly | 1960 - 2022 |
| Angola (Number) | 67.373 2022 | yearly | 1960 - 2022 |
| Antigua and Barbuda (Number) | 197.383 2021 | yearly | 1960 - 2021 |
| Argentina (Number) | 132.358 2022 | yearly | 1960 - 2022 |
| Armenia (Number) | 128.961 2021 | yearly | 1960 - 2021 |
| Aruba (Number) | 132.350 2021 | yearly | 1960 - 2021 |
| Australia (Number) | 107.031 2022 | yearly | 1960 - 2022 |
| Austria (Number) | 123.435 2022 | yearly | 1960 - 2022 |
| Azerbaijan (Number) | 104.888 2021 | yearly | 1960 - 2021 |
| Bahamas (Number) | 98.539 2022 | yearly | 1960 - 2022 |
| Bahrain (Number) | 131.449 2021 | yearly | 1960 - 2021 |
| Bangladesh (Number) | 108.909 2021 | yearly | 1960 - 2021 |
| Barbados (Number) | 114.859 2022 | yearly | 1960 - 2022 |
| Belarus (Number) | 123.447 2022 | yearly | 1960 - 2022 |
| Belgium (Number) | 101.871 2022 | yearly | 1960 - 2022 |
| Belize (Number) | 65.995 2021 | yearly | 1960 - 2021 |
| Benin (Number) | 97.960 2021 | yearly | 1960 - 2021 |
| Bermuda (Number) | 105.944 2021 | yearly | 1960 - 2021 |
| Bhutan (Number) | 94.893 2022 | yearly | 1960 - 2022 |
| Bolivia (Number) | 99.623 2021 | yearly | 1960 - 2021 |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina (Number) | 117.888 2022 | yearly | 1960 - 2022 |
| Botswana (Number) | 160.737 2021 | yearly | 1960 - 2021 |
| Brazil (Number) | 98.891 2022 | yearly | 1960 - 2022 |
| Brunei (Number) | 135.501 2021 | yearly | 1960 - 2021 |
| Bulgaria (Number) | 114.768 2021 | yearly | 1960 - 2021 |
| Burkina Faso (Number) | 111.663 2021 | yearly | 1960 - 2021 |
| Burundi (Number) | 57.961 2022 | yearly | 1960 - 2022 |
| Cambodia (Number) | 116.326 2022 | yearly | 1960 - 2022 |
| Cameroon (Number) | 82.778 2022 | yearly | 1960 - 2022 |
| Canada (Number) | 88.091 2021 | yearly | 1960 - 2021 |
| Cape Verde (Number) | 99.232 2022 | yearly | 1960 - 2022 |
| Cayman Islands (Number) | 146.765 2021 | yearly | 1960 - 2021 |
| Central African Republic (Number) | 33.552 2021 | yearly | 1960 - 2021 |
| Chad (Number) | 60.223 2021 | yearly | 1960 - 2021 |
| Chile (Number) | 136.313 2021 | yearly | 1960 - 2021 |
| China (Number) | 121.538 2021 | yearly | 1960 - 2021 |
| Colombia (Number) | 155.785 2022 | yearly | 1960 - 2022 |
| Comoros (Number) | 100.238 2022 | yearly | 1960 - 2022 |
| Congo (Number) | 96.788 2021 | yearly | 1960 - 2021 |
| Costa Rica (Number) | 152.025 2022 | yearly | 1960 - 2022 |
| Croatia (Number) | 111.168 2022 | yearly | 1960 - 2022 |
| Cuba (Number) | 63.105 2021 | yearly | 1960 - 2021 |
| Cyprus (Number) | 148.738 2021 | yearly | 1960 - 2021 |
| Czech Republic (Number) | 126.412 2021 | yearly | 1960 - 2021 |
| Democratic Republic of Congo (Number) | 48.893 2021 | yearly | 1960 - 2021 |
| Denmark (Number) | 126.549 2022 | yearly | 1960 - 2022 |
| Djibouti (Number) | 46.327 2022 | yearly | 1960 - 2022 |
| Dominica (Number) | 85.857 2021 | yearly | 1960 - 2021 |
| Dominican Republic (Number) | 90.391 2022 | yearly | 1960 - 2022 |
| Ecuador (Number) | 97.165 2022 | yearly | 1960 - 2022 |
| Egypt (Number) | 93.206 2022 | yearly | 1960 - 2022 |
| El Salvador (Number) | 175.337 2021 | yearly | 1960 - 2021 |
| Equatorial Guinea (Number) | 53.343 2022 | yearly | 1960 - 2022 |
| Eritrea (Number) | 49.747 2021 | yearly | 1960 - 2021 |
| Estonia (Number) | 155.030 2022 | yearly | 1960 - 2022 |
| Swaziland (Number) | 122.170 2022 | yearly | 1960 - 2022 |
| Ethiopia (Number) | 56.025 2022 | yearly | 1960 - 2022 |
| Faroe Islands (Number) | 111.959 2021 | yearly | 1960 - 2021 |
| Fiji (Number) | 107.234 2021 | yearly | 1960 - 2021 |
| Finland (Number) | 128.683 2022 | yearly | 1960 - 2022 |
| France (Number) | 118.847 2022 | yearly | 1960 - 2022 |
| French Polynesia (Number) | 106.212 2021 | yearly | 1960 - 2021 |
| Gabon (Number) | 125.387 2022 | yearly | 1960 - 2022 |
| Gambia (Number) | 101.441 2021 | yearly | 1960 - 2021 |
| Georgia (Number) | 147.755 2021 | yearly | 1960 - 2021 |
| Germany (Number) | 127.565 2021 | yearly | 1960 - 2021 |
| Ghana (Number) | 123.212 2021 | yearly | 1960 - 2021 |
| Greece (Number) | 109.063 2022 | yearly | 1960 - 2022 |
| Greenland (Number) | 118.424 2021 | yearly | 1960 - 2021 |
| Grenada (Number) | 81.067 2021 | yearly | 1960 - 2021 |
| Guatemala (Number) | 115.182 2022 | yearly | 1960 - 2022 |
| Guinea (Number) | 101.944 2021 | yearly | 1960 - 2021 |
| Guinea-Bissau (Number) | 125.932 2022 | yearly | 1960 - 2022 |
| Guyana (Number) | 106.393 2021 | yearly | 1960 - 2021 |
| Haiti (Number) | 63.935 2021 | yearly | 1960 - 2021 |
| Honduras (Number) | 76.081 2022 | yearly | 1960 - 2022 |
| Hong Kong SAR, China (Number) | 291.910 2022 | yearly | 1960 - 2022 |
| Hungary (Number) | 104.056 2022 | yearly | 1960 - 2022 |
| Iceland (Number) | 122.517 2022 | yearly | 1960 - 2022 |
| India (Number) | 80.649 2022 | yearly | 1960 - 2022 |
| Indonesia (Number) | 114.901 2022 | yearly | 1960 - 2022 |
| Iran (Number) | 164.502 2022 | yearly | 1960 - 2022 |
| Iraq (Number) | 98.184 2022 | yearly | 1960 - 2022 |
| Ireland (Number) | 113.277 2022 | yearly | 1960 - 2022 |
| Israel (Number) | 152.222 2022 | yearly | 1990 - 2022 |
| Italy (Number) | 131.861 2021 | yearly | 1960 - 2021 |
| Ivory Coast (Number) | 174.025 2022 | yearly | 1960 - 2022 |
| Jamaica (Number) | 106.202 2022 | yearly | 1960 - 2022 |
| Japan (Number) | 167.523 2022 | yearly | 1960 - 2022 |
| Jordan (Number) | 67.568 2022 | yearly | 1960 - 2022 |
| Kazakhstan (Number) | 130.421 2022 | yearly | 1960 - 2022 |
| Kenya (Number) | 121.674 2022 | yearly | 1960 - 2022 |
| Kiribati (Number) | 40.840 2021 | yearly | 1960 - 2021 |
| South Korea (Number) | 148.588 2022 | yearly | 1960 - 2022 |
| Kuwait (Number) | 180.995 2022 | yearly | 1960 - 2022 |
| Kyrgyzstan (Number) | 130.382 2021 | yearly | 1960 - 2021 |
| Laos (Number) | 64.955 2021 | yearly | 1960 - 2021 |
Accurate Macro & Micro Economic Data You Can Trust
Explore the most complete set of 6.6 million time series covering more than 200 economies, 20 industries and 18 macroeconomic sectors.
Learn more about what we doMyanmar Key Series
| Government and Public Finance | Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|---|
| Consolidated Fiscal Balance: % of GDP (%) | -7.6 2021 | yearly | 1986 - 2021 |
| Consolidated Fiscal Balance (USD mn) | -5,489.382 2021 | yearly | 1980 - 2021 |
| Tax Revenue (USD mn) | 365.783 Jul 2022 | monthly | Apr 2012 - Jul 2022 |
| Tax Revenue: % of GDP (%) | 4.4 2021 | yearly | 2005 - 2021 |
| Forecast: Government Expenditure (MMK bn) | 56,281.157 2029 | yearly | 1998 - 2029 |
| Forecast: Government Net Debt (MMK bn) | 145,688.721 2029 | yearly | 1998 - 2029 |
| Forecast: Government Revenue (MMK bn) | 45,040.749 2029 | yearly | 1998 - 2029 |
| Budget: Government Deficit/Surplus (MMK mn) | -4,482,762.733 Mar 2024 | quarterly | Dec 2018 - Mar 2024 |
| Budget: TR: PPC: Specific Goods Tax (MMK mn) | 407,167.571 Mar 2024 | quarterly | Dec 2018 - Mar 2024 |
| Budget: Expense (EX) (MMK mn) | 10,387,004.856 Mar 2024 | quarterly | Dec 2018 - Mar 2024 |
| Budget: Revenue (MMK mn) | 8,936,968.185 Mar 2024 | quarterly | Dec 2018 - Mar 2024 |
| Budget: TR: Tax on Income and Profit (MMK mn) | 1,079,785.434 Mar 2024 | quarterly | Dec 2018 - Mar 2024 |
| Budget: Total Revenue (MMK mn) | 9,203,472.497 Mar 2024 | quarterly | Dec 2018 - Mar 2024 |
| Budget: Total Expenditure (MMK mn) | 13,686,235.230 Mar 2024 | quarterly | Dec 2018 - Mar 2024 |
| Budget: Net Borrowing/ Net Lending (MMK mn) | -4,302,365.123 Mar 2024 | quarterly | Dec 2018 - Mar 2024 |
| Budget: TR: PPC: Excise duty (MMK mn) | 425.550 Mar 2024 | quarterly | Dec 2018 - Mar 2024 |
| Budget: Net Capital Expenditure (NEX) (MMK mn) | 2,852,328.452 Mar 2024 | quarterly | Dec 2018 - Mar 2024 |
| State Budget: Expenditure (MMK mn) | 25,692,973.000 2021 | yearly | 2019 - 2021 |
| State Budget: Revenue (MMK mn) | 17,511,178.090 2021 | yearly | 2019 - 2021 |
| State Budget: Surplus of Deficit (MMK mn) | -8,181,794.910 2021 | yearly | 2019 - 2021 |
| State Govt Revenue: Tax: Income (MMK mn) | 332,258.000 Jul 2022 | monthly | Jan 2005 - Jul 2022 |
| Foreign Trade | Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|---|
| Forecast: Exports of Goods Growth (%) | 8.288 2029 | yearly | 1999 - 2029 |
| Trade Balance (USD mn) | 183.9 Jul 2022 | monthly | Jan 1957 - Jul 2022 |
| Total Exports (USD mn) | 1,497.8 Jul 2022 | monthly | Jul 2010 - Jul 2022 |
| Total Exports Growth (%) | 42.9 Jul 2022 | monthly | Jul 2011 - Jul 2022 |
| Aluminum: Exports (USD th) | 24,865.219 2023 | yearly | 1995 - 2023 |
| Exports: Medicament (USD th) | 50.074 2022 | yearly | 1996 - 2022 |
| Exports: Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Product (USD th) | 0.172 2022 | yearly | 1995 - 2022 |
| Total Imports (USD mn) | 1,313.9 Jul 2022 | monthly | Jul 2010 - Jul 2022 |
| Total Imports Growth (%) | 38.4 Jul 2022 | monthly | Jul 2011 - Jul 2022 |
| Imports: Medicament (USD th) | 467,037.680 2022 | yearly | 1995 - 2022 |
| Imports: Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Product (USD th) | 145,193.038 2022 | yearly | 1995 - 2022 |
| Total Exports to USA (USD mn) | 68.860 Jul 2022 | monthly | Aug 2010 - Jul 2022 |
| Total Imports from USA (USD mn) | 7.630 Jul 2022 | monthly | Jul 2010 - Jul 2022 |
| Total Exports to China (USD mn) | 267.080 Jul 2022 | monthly | Jul 2010 - Jul 2022 |
| Total Imports from China (USD mn) | 363.850 Jul 2022 | monthly | Jul 2010 - Jul 2022 |
| Re Exports (USD mn) | 790.600 Jul 2022 | monthly | Jul 2010 - Jul 2022 |
| Imports: Plastic (USD mn) | 53.200 Jul 2022 | monthly | Jul 2010 - Jul 2022 |
| Exports: Teak Log (USD mn) | 0.400 Mar 2015 | monthly | Jan 2011 - Mar 2015 |
| Exports: Matpe (USD mn) | 26.100 Jul 2022 | monthly | Jul 2010 - Jul 2022 |
| Exports: Fish & Fish Products (USD mn) | 40.500 Jul 2022 | monthly | Jul 2010 - Jul 2022 |
| Imports: Machinery Non-Electric & Transport Equipment (USD mn) | 68.900 Jul 2022 | monthly | Jul 2010 - Jul 2022 |
| Exports: Sesamum Seeds (USD mn) | 12.900 Jul 2022 | monthly | Jul 2010 - Jul 2022 |
| Imports: Fabric of Artificial & Synthetics Fabric (USD mn) | 100.700 Jul 2022 | monthly | Jul 2010 - Jul 2022 |
| Imports: Edible Vegetable Oil & Other Hydrogenated Oils (USD mn) | 70.600 Jul 2022 | monthly | Jul 2010 - Jul 2022 |
| Exports: Gas (USD mn) | 356.100 Jul 2022 | monthly | Aug 2010 - Jul 2022 |
| Imports: Refined Mineral Oil (USD mn) | 434.400 Jul 2022 | monthly | Jul 2010 - Jul 2022 |
| Imports: Thailand (USD mn) | 165.050 Jul 2022 | monthly | Jul 2010 - Jul 2022 |
| Exports: China (USD mn) | 267.080 Jul 2022 | monthly | Jul 2010 - Jul 2022 |
| Exports: India (USD mn) | 42.000 Jul 2022 | monthly | Jul 2010 - Jul 2022 |
| Imports: China (USD mn) | 363.850 Jul 2022 | monthly | Jul 2010 - Jul 2022 |
| Export Volume Index (2015=100) | 80.286 2021 | yearly | 1981 - 2021 |
| Import Volume Index (2015=100) | 65.280 2021 | yearly | 1981 - 2021 |
| Export Value Index (2015=100) | 132.515 2021 | yearly | 1980 - 2021 |
| Import Value Index (2015=100) | 84.821 2021 | yearly | 1980 - 2021 |
| Balance of Payments | Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|---|
| Current Account Balance (USD mn) | 295.8 Mar 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1976 - Mar 2024 |
| Foreign Direct Investment (USD mn) | 347.5 Mar 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1976 - Mar 2024 |
| Foreign Direct Investment: % of GDP (%) | 0.6 Sep 2021 | quarterly | Dec 2017 - Sep 2021 |
| External Debt (USD mn) | 12,537.5 2022 | yearly | 1970 - 2022 |
| External Debt: % of GDP (%) | 16.7 2020 | yearly | 2018 - 2020 |
| External Debt: Short Term (USD mn) | 31.8 2022 | yearly | 1973 - 2022 |
| External Debt: Short Term: % of GDP (%) | 0.1 2020 | yearly | 2018 - 2020 |
| Forecast: Current Account Balance (USD bn) | -3.675 2029 | yearly | 1998 - 2029 |
| Net International Investment Position (USD mn) | -35,240.992 Sep 2020 | quarterly | Mar 1999 - Sep 2020 |
| BoP: CA: Exports (f.o.b) (USD mn) | 2,722.800 Mar 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2014 - Mar 2024 |
| BoP: Capital Account: Payments (USD mn) | 0.000 Mar 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2014 - Mar 2024 |
| BoP: Financial Account: Liabilities: Direct Investments (USD mn) | 347.500 Mar 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2014 - Mar 2024 |
| BoP: CA: Primary Income: Payments (USD mn) | 777.900 Mar 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2014 - Mar 2024 |
| BoP: CA: Primary Income: Net (USD mn) | -443.200 Mar 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2014 - Mar 2024 |
| BoP: Net Errors and Omissions (USD mn) | -605.100 Mar 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2014 - Mar 2024 |
| BoP: CA: Imports (f.o.b) (USD mn) | 2,524.100 Mar 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2014 - Mar 2024 |
| BoP: CA: Services: Net (USD mn) | 171.400 Mar 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2014 - Mar 2024 |
| Balance of Payment(BoP): Current Account (CA) (USD mn) | 295.800 Mar 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2014 - Mar 2024 |
| BoP: CA: Services: Receipts (USD mn) | 537.000 Mar 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2014 - Mar 2024 |
| BoP: CA: Secondary Income: Payments (USD mn) | 86.500 Mar 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2014 - Mar 2024 |
| BoP: CA: Services: Payments (USD mn) | 365.600 Mar 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2014 - Mar 2024 |
| BoP: Capital Account: Net (USD mn) | 0.000 Mar 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2014 - Mar 2024 |
| BoP: CA: Primary Income: Receipts (USD mn) | 334.700 Mar 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2014 - Mar 2024 |
| BoP: CA: Secondary Income: Net (USD mn) | 369.000 Mar 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2014 - Mar 2024 |
| BoP: Capital Account: Receipts (USD mn) | 0.000 Mar 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2014 - Mar 2024 |
| BoP: Financial Account (USD mn) | -498.200 Mar 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2014 - Mar 2024 |
| BoP: Financial Account: Liabilities (USD mn) | 345.400 Mar 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2014 - Mar 2024 |
| BoP: Financial Account: Assets (USD mn) | -152.800 Mar 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2014 - Mar 2024 |
| BoP: CA: Secondary Income: Receipts (USD mn) | 455.400 Mar 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2014 - Mar 2024 |
| FDI: PE: Value: Japan (USD mn) | 3.100 May 2022 | monthly | Feb 2004 - May 2022 |
| FDI: PE: Value: Power (USD mn) | 702.400 Jul 2022 | monthly | Feb 2004 - Jul 2022 |
| FDI: PE: Value: Mining (USD mn) | 0.000 Dec 2021 | monthly | Feb 2004 - Dec 2021 |
| FDI: PE: Value: Hong Kong (USD mn) | 58.630 Jul 2022 | monthly | Feb 2004 - Jul 2022 |
| FDI: PE: Value: Manufacturing (USD mn) | 89.520 Jul 2022 | monthly | Feb 2004 - Jul 2022 |
| FDI: PE: Value: China (USD mn) | 44.590 Jul 2022 | monthly | Feb 2004 - Jul 2022 |
| FDI: PE: Value: Oil & Gas (USD mn) | 0.000 Dec 2021 | monthly | Feb 2004 - Dec 2021 |
| FDI: PE: Value (USD mn) | 1,198.530 Jul 2022 | monthly | Feb 2004 - Jul 2022 |
| FDI: PE: Value: South Korea (USD mn) | 2.800 Jul 2022 | monthly | Feb 2004 - Jul 2022 |
| FDI: PE: Value: Singapore (USD mn) | 1,086.470 Jul 2022 | monthly | Feb 2004 - Jul 2022 |
| Monetary | Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|---|
| Money Supply M1 (USD mn) | 23,244.979 Mar 2024 | monthly | Apr 2012 - Mar 2024 |
| Money Supply M2 (USD mn) | 56,858.041 Jan 2021 | monthly | Apr 2012 - Jan 2021 |
| M2 Growth (%) | 15.9 Mar 2024 | quarterly | Dec 2002 - Mar 2024 |
| Reserve Requirement Ratio (%) | 3.8 Oct 2024 | monthly | May 2011 - Oct 2024 |
| Foreign Exchange Reserves (USD mn) | 8,473.8 Mar 2024 | quarterly | Dec 1950 - Mar 2024 |
| Foreign Exchange Reserves: Months of Import (NA) | 5.2 Jun 2022 | quarterly | Sep 2010 - Jun 2022 |
| Gold Reserves (USD mn) | 521.110 Mar 2024 | monthly | Dec 1950 - Mar 2024 |
| Total Deposits (USD mn) | 63,663.584 2023 | yearly | 1960 - 2023 |
| Domestic Credit (USD mn) | 45,836.4 Jan 2021 | monthly | Apr 2012 - Jan 2021 |
| Domestic Credit Growth (%) | 16.4 Jan 2021 | monthly | Dec 2002 - Jan 2021 |
| Private Debt: % of Nominal GDP (%) | 28.98 2020 | yearly | 1960 - 2020 |
| Reserve Requirement Rate: MMK (%) | 3.750 Oct 2024 | monthly | May 2011 - Oct 2024 |
| Money Stock: Total Deposits (MMK mn) | 63,052,151.350 Mar 2024 | quarterly | Jun 2013 - Mar 2024 |
| Money Stock: YoY Growth: M2 (MMK mn) | 15.950 Mar 2024 | quarterly | Jun 2013 - Mar 2024 |
| Money Stock: YoY Growth: Total Deposits (MMK mn) | 16.080 Mar 2024 | quarterly | Jun 2013 - Mar 2024 |
| Money Stock: M1 (MMK mn) | 48,814,456.350 Mar 2024 | quarterly | Jun 2013 - Mar 2024 |
| Money Stock: M2 (MMK mn) | 101,186,159.610 Mar 2024 | quarterly | Jun 2013 - Mar 2024 |
| Money Stock: M0 (MMK mn) | 49,374,304.930 Mar 2024 | quarterly | Jun 2013 - Mar 2024 |
More Indicators for Myanmar
Request a demo of CEIC
CEIC’s economic databases cover over 200 global markets. Our Platform offers the most reliable macroeconomic data and advanced analytical tools.
Please note, product demos are not available for students. Please click here to find out more about the version of CEIC available for student users.