Sweden Trade Balance
Key information about Sweden's Trade Balance
- Sweden's Trade Balance recorded a surplus of 660.0 USD mn in Nov 2024, compared with a surplus of 105.0 USD mn in the previous month
- Sweden's Trade Balance data is updated monthly, available from Jan 1957 to Nov 2024, with an averaged value of 157.8 USD mn
- The data reached an all-time high of 2.8 USD bn in Mar 2006 and a record low of -1.8 USD bn in Aug 2022
Further information about Sweden's Trade Balance
- In the latest reports, Sweden's Total Exports reached 16.6 USD bn in Nov 2024, a decrease of 2.9% YoY (year-on-year)
- Total Imports recorded 16.0 USD bn in Nov 2024, a decrease of 2.9% YoY (year-on-year)
View Sweden's Trade Balance from Jan 1957 to Nov 2024 in the chart:
What was Sweden's Trade Balance in Nov 2024?
Sweden's Trade Balance recorded a surplus of 660.0 USD mn in Nov 2024, compared with a surplus of 105.0 USD mn in the previous month See the table below for more data.
Last | Previous | Min | Max | Unit | Frequency | Range |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
660.0 Nov 2024 | 105.0 Oct 2024 | -1,753.9 Aug 2022 | 2,791.0 Mar 2006 | USD mn | monthly | Jan 1957 - Nov 2024 |
Trade Balance by Country Comparison
country/region | Last | Frequency | Range |
---|---|---|---|
Albania (USD mn) | -467.5 Nov 2024 | monthly | Oct 1998 - Nov 2024 |
Algeria (USD mn) | -274.8 Mar 2020 | monthly | Jan 2000 - Mar 2020 |
Argentina (USD mn) | 1,410.3 Nov 2024 | monthly | Jan 1991 - Nov 2024 |
Armenia (USD mn) | -414.2 Nov 2024 | monthly | Nov 1995 - Nov 2024 |
Australia (USD mn) | 3,988.5 Oct 2024 | monthly | Jul 1971 - Oct 2024 |
Austria (USD mn) | -104.9 Oct 2024 | monthly | Jan 1957 - Oct 2024 |
Azerbaijan (USD mn) | 894.3 Oct 2024 | monthly | Jan 2000 - Oct 2024 |
Bahrain (USD mn) | 4,501.7 2023 | yearly | 1966 - 2023 |
Bangladesh (USD mn) | -2,059.4 Oct 2024 | monthly | Jul 1986 - Oct 2024 |
Belarus (USD mn) | -188.1 Oct 2024 | monthly | Jan 2000 - Oct 2024 |
Belgium (USD mn) | -40.9 Oct 2024 | monthly | Jan 1993 - Oct 2024 |
Bolivia (USD mn) | -46.9 Nov 2024 | monthly | Oct 1994 - Nov 2024 |
Bosnia and Herzegovina (USD mn) | -539.4 Nov 2024 | monthly | Jan 2000 - Nov 2024 |
Botswana (USD mn) | -372.2 Oct 2024 | monthly | Jan 2001 - Oct 2024 |
Brazil (USD mn) | 4,803.3 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 1959 - Dec 2024 |
Brunei (USD mn) | 339.4 Oct 2024 | monthly | Jan 2010 - Oct 2024 |
Bulgaria (USD mn) | -1,025.9 Oct 2024 | monthly | Jan 1995 - Oct 2024 |
Cambodia (USD mn) | -39.3 Nov 2024 | monthly | Jun 2013 - Nov 2024 |
Canada (USD mn) | -671.7 Oct 2024 | monthly | Jan 1988 - Oct 2024 |
Chile (USD mn) | 1,382.7 Nov 2024 | monthly | Jan 1968 - Nov 2024 |
China (USD mn) | 97,443.1 Nov 2024 | monthly | Jan 1992 - Nov 2024 |
Colombia (USD mn) | -1,419.1 Oct 2024 | monthly | Jan 1958 - Oct 2024 |
Croatia (USD mn) | -1,657.8 Aug 2024 | monthly | Jan 1993 - Aug 2024 |
Cyprus (USD mn) | -659.7 Sep 2024 | monthly | Jan 1957 - Sep 2024 |
Czech Republic (USD mn) | 2,344.9 Oct 2024 | monthly | Jan 1996 - Oct 2024 |
Denmark (USD mn) | 4,386.7 Oct 2024 | monthly | Jan 1997 - Oct 2024 |
Ecuador (USD mn) | 400.5 Oct 2024 | monthly | Mar 1992 - Oct 2024 |
Egypt (USD mn) | -3,658.0 Oct 2024 | monthly | Jan 1957 - Oct 2024 |
Estonia (USD mn) | -330.3 Oct 2024 | monthly | Jan 1993 - Oct 2024 |
European Union (USD mn) | 4,242.1 Oct 2024 | monthly | Jan 2002 - Oct 2024 |
Finland (USD mn) | -359.5 Oct 2024 | monthly | Jan 1992 - Oct 2024 |
France (USD mn) | -8,352.1 Oct 2024 | monthly | Jan 2000 - Oct 2024 |
Georgia (USD mn) | -893.1 Nov 2024 | monthly | Jan 1995 - Nov 2024 |
Germany (USD mn) | 14,599.3 Oct 2024 | monthly | Jan 1957 - Oct 2024 |
Ghana (USD mn) | 542.1 Oct 2024 | monthly | Mar 2005 - Oct 2024 |
Greece (USD mn) | -3,446.2 Oct 2024 | monthly | Jan 2002 - Oct 2024 |
Hong Kong SAR, China (USD mn) | -5,576.4 Nov 2024 | monthly | Jan 1957 - Nov 2024 |
Hungary (USD mn) | 1,053.0 Oct 2024 | monthly | Jan 1976 - Oct 2024 |
Iceland (USD mn) | -302.3 Oct 2024 | monthly | Jan 1957 - Oct 2024 |
India (USD mn) | -37,840.0 Nov 2024 | monthly | Jan 1957 - Nov 2024 |
Indonesia (USD mn) | 2,238.9 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 1967 - Dec 2024 |
Iran (USD mn) | 31,327.0 2023 | yearly | 1948 - 2023 |
Ireland (USD mn) | 10,843.5 Oct 2024 | monthly | Jan 1970 - Oct 2024 |
Israel (USD mn) | -2,684.5 Nov 2024 | monthly | Jan 1988 - Nov 2024 |
Italy (USD mn) | 3,827.4 Oct 2024 | monthly | Jan 1993 - Oct 2024 |
Ivory Coast (USD mn) | -109.2 Sep 2024 | monthly | Jan 1981 - Sep 2024 |
Japan (USD mn) | -2,499.7 Nov 2024 | monthly | Apr 1995 - Nov 2024 |
Jordan (USD mn) | -1,186.6 Oct 2024 | monthly | Jan 1972 - Oct 2024 |
Kazakhstan (USD mn) | 1,621.9 Oct 2024 | monthly | Sep 1995 - Oct 2024 |
Kenya (USD mn) | -1,208.9 Oct 2024 | monthly | Oct 1992 - Oct 2024 |
South Korea (USD mn) | 6,490.0 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 1966 - Dec 2024 |
Kosovo (USD mn) | -502.4 Nov 2024 | monthly | Jan 2003 - Nov 2024 |
Kuwait (USD mn) | 2,745.4 Sep 2024 | monthly | Jan 1993 - Sep 2024 |
Kyrgyzstan (USD mn) | -641.7 Oct 2024 | monthly | Jan 2002 - Oct 2024 |
Laos (USD mn) | -2.8 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Dec 1992 - Sep 2024 |
Latvia (USD mn) | -318.0 Oct 2024 | monthly | Jan 1995 - Oct 2024 |
Lebanon (USD mn) | -1,062.6 Dec 2023 | monthly | Jan 1993 - Dec 2023 |
Lithuania (USD mn) | -428.7 Oct 2024 | monthly | Jan 1999 - Oct 2024 |
Luxembourg (USD mn) | -726.2 Oct 2024 | monthly | Jan 1988 - Oct 2024 |
Macau SAR, China (USD mn) | -1,290.0 Nov 2024 | monthly | Jan 1998 - Nov 2024 |
North Macedonia (USD mn) | -306.6 Oct 2024 | monthly | Dec 1993 - Oct 2024 |
Malawi (USD mn) | -194.6 Mar 2024 | monthly | Jan 1964 - Mar 2024 |
Malaysia (USD mn) | 3,700.4 Nov 2024 | monthly | Jan 1990 - Nov 2024 |
Malta (USD mn) | -334.4 Sep 2024 | monthly | Jan 1960 - Sep 2024 |
Mauritius (USD mn) | -407.3 Oct 2024 | monthly | Jan 2006 - Oct 2024 |
Mexico (USD mn) | -775.2 Nov 2024 | monthly | Jan 1993 - Nov 2024 |
Moldova (USD mn) | -461.1 Oct 2024 | monthly | Jan 1992 - Oct 2024 |
Mongolia (USD mn) | 407.3 Nov 2024 | monthly | Jan 1997 - Nov 2024 |
Montenegro (USD mn) | -257.0 Nov 2024 | monthly | Jan 2005 - Nov 2024 |
Morocco (USD mn) | -2,603.5 Nov 2024 | monthly | Jan 1957 - Nov 2024 |
Mozambique (USD mn) | 106.5 Jun 2024 | monthly | Jan 2011 - Jun 2024 |
Myanmar (USD mn) | 183.9 Jul 2022 | monthly | Jan 1957 - Jul 2022 |
Nepal (USD mn) | -804.5 Nov 2024 | monthly | Aug 1974 - Nov 2024 |
Netherlands (USD mn) | 13,244.4 Nov 2024 | monthly | Jan 1996 - Nov 2024 |
New Zealand (USD mn) | -258.5 Nov 2024 | monthly | Jan 1960 - Nov 2024 |
Nigeria (USD mn) | 1,027.6 Sep 2024 | monthly | Jan 2003 - Sep 2024 |
Norway (USD mn) | 4,024.9 Sep 2024 | monthly | Jan 1957 - Sep 2024 |
Oman (USD mn) | 1,297.8 Oct 2024 | monthly | Jan 1975 - Oct 2024 |
Pakistan (USD mn) | -1,684.8 Nov 2024 | monthly | Jan 1968 - Nov 2024 |
Palestinian Territory (USD mn) | -391.7 Oct 2024 | monthly | Jan 2011 - Oct 2024 |
Panama (USD mn) | -1,259.9 Oct 2024 | monthly | Jan 1964 - Oct 2024 |
Paraguay (USD mn) | -220.6 Nov 2024 | monthly | Jan 1994 - Nov 2024 |
Peru (USD mn) | 1,813.9 Oct 2024 | monthly | Jan 1985 - Oct 2024 |
Philippines (USD mn) | -5,802.9 Oct 2024 | monthly | Jan 1957 - Oct 2024 |
Poland (USD mn) | -316.7 Oct 2024 | monthly | Jan 1986 - Oct 2024 |
Portugal (USD mn) | -2,762.1 Oct 2024 | monthly | Jan 1957 - Oct 2024 |
Qatar (USD mn) | 4,872.3 Sep 2024 | monthly | Jan 2014 - Sep 2024 |
Romania (USD mn) | -4,058.0 Oct 2024 | monthly | Aug 1990 - Oct 2024 |
Russia (USD mn) | 9,758.0 Oct 2024 | monthly | Jan 1998 - Oct 2024 |
Saudi Arabia (USD mn) | 113,078.6 2023 | yearly | 1957 - 2023 |
Serbia (USD mn) | -949.5 Nov 2024 | monthly | Jan 2001 - Nov 2024 |
Singapore (USD mn) | 4,876.3 Nov 2024 | monthly | Jan 1976 - Nov 2024 |
Slovakia (USD mn) | 217.3 Sep 2024 | monthly | Jan 2004 - Sep 2024 |
Slovenia (USD mn) | -311.0 Nov 2024 | monthly | Nov 1991 - Nov 2024 |
South Africa (USD mn) | 1,934.2 Nov 2024 | monthly | Oct 2004 - Nov 2024 |
Spain (USD mn) | -2,998.1 Oct 2024 | monthly | Nov 1974 - Oct 2024 |
Sri Lanka (USD mn) | -502.2 Nov 2024 | monthly | Jan 1982 - Nov 2024 |
Sudan (USD mn) | -829.9 Dec 2022 | monthly | Jan 2003 - Dec 2022 |
Sweden (USD mn) | 660.0 Nov 2024 | monthly | Jan 1957 - Nov 2024 |
Switzerland (USD mn) | 8,707.5 Nov 2024 | monthly | Jan 1957 - Nov 2024 |
Accurate Macro & Micro Economic Data You Can Trust
Explore the most complete set of 6.6 million time series covering more than 200 economies, 20 industries and 18 macroeconomic sectors.
Learn more about what we doSweden Key Series
Government and Public Finance | Last | Frequency | Range |
---|---|---|---|
Consolidated Fiscal Balance: % of GDP (%) | -0.6 2023 | yearly | 1995 - 2023 |
Consolidated Fiscal Balance (USD mn) | -3,650.675 2023 | yearly | 1995 - 2023 |
Tax Revenue (USD mn) | 124,274.627 2023 | yearly | 1995 - 2023 |
Tax Revenue: % of GDP (%) | 21.2 2023 | yearly | 1995 - 2023 |
National Government Debt (USD mn) | 180,873.9 Mar 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1999 - Mar 2024 |
Government Debt: % of GDP (%) | 32.0 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1996 - Jun 2024 |
Forecast: Government Expenditure (SEK bn) | 3,699.430 2029 | yearly | 1980 - 2029 |
Forecast: Government Net Debt (SEK bn) | 2,513.410 2029 | yearly | 1993 - 2029 |
Forecast: Government Revenue (SEK bn) | 3,726.754 2029 | yearly | 1980 - 2029 |
Central Govt Budget: Expenditure (SEK mn) | 1,223,847.620 2023 | yearly | 1995 - 2023 |
Central Govt Budget: Deficit or Surplus (SEK mn) | 19,063.590 2023 | yearly | 1990 - 2023 |
General Government: Net Lending/Borrowing (SEK mn) | -38,719.000 2023 | yearly | 1995 - 2023 |
General Government Debt: Gross: ESA 2010 (EUR mn) | 176,304.800 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1996 - Jun 2024 |
Foreign Trade | Last | Frequency | Range |
---|---|---|---|
Forecast: Exports of Goods Growth (%) | 2.800 2029 | yearly | 1981 - 2029 |
Trade Balance (USD mn) | 660.0 Nov 2024 | monthly | Jan 1957 - Nov 2024 |
Total Exports (USD mn) | 16,619.2 Nov 2024 | monthly | Jan 1975 - Nov 2024 |
Total Exports Growth (%) | -4.4 Nov 2024 | monthly | Jan 1976 - Nov 2024 |
Aluminum: Exports (USD th) | 1,448,322.594 2023 | yearly | 1995 - 2023 |
Exports: Medicament (USD th) | 7,918,560.482 2022 | yearly | 1995 - 2022 |
Exports: Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Product (USD th) | 5,417,201.606 2022 | yearly | 1995 - 2022 |
Total Imports (USD mn) | 15,959.2 Nov 2024 | monthly | Jan 1975 - Nov 2024 |
Total Imports Growth (%) | -2.9 Nov 2024 | monthly | Jan 1976 - Nov 2024 |
Imports: Medicament (USD th) | 3,319,089.571 2022 | yearly | 1995 - 2022 |
Imports: Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Product (USD th) | 3,118,197.594 2022 | yearly | 1995 - 2022 |
Total Exports to USA (USD mn) | 1,488.535 Oct 2024 | monthly | Sep 1960 - Oct 2024 |
Total Imports from USA (USD mn) | 563.338 Oct 2024 | monthly | Sep 1964 - Oct 2024 |
Total Exports to China (USD mn) | 602.843 Oct 2024 | monthly | Dec 1977 - Oct 2024 |
Total Imports from China (USD mn) | 979.958 Oct 2024 | monthly | Jan 1998 - Oct 2024 |
Imports (SEK mn) | 174,100.000 Nov 2024 | monthly | Jan 1975 - Nov 2024 |
Exports (SEK mn) | 181,300.000 Nov 2024 | monthly | Jan 1975 - Nov 2024 |
Exports: Growth Rate: MoM (%) | 8.000 Oct 2024 | monthly | Feb 2015 - Oct 2024 |
Imports: Growth Rate: YoY (%) | -2.600 Oct 2024 | monthly | Jan 2016 - Oct 2024 |
Exports: Growth Rate: YoY (%) | -5.600 Oct 2024 | monthly | Jan 2016 - Oct 2024 |
Imports: Growth Rate: MoM (%) | 7.200 Oct 2024 | monthly | Feb 2015 - Oct 2024 |
Exports: 1-Digit: Miscellaneous Manufactured Articles (SEK th) | 16,452,505.000 Oct 2024 | monthly | Jan 1998 - Oct 2024 |
Exports: 1-Digit: Machinery and Transport Equipment (SEK th) | 72,441,062.000 Oct 2024 | monthly | Jan 1998 - Oct 2024 |
Exports: 1-Digit: Manufactured Goods (SEK th) | 30,295,159.000 Oct 2024 | monthly | Jan 1998 - Oct 2024 |
Exports: 1-Digit: Chemicals and Related Products (SEK th) | 26,888,455.000 Oct 2024 | monthly | Jan 1998 - Oct 2024 |
Exports: 1-Digit: Mineral Fuel and Lubricants (SEK th) | 10,609,961.000 Oct 2024 | monthly | Jan 1998 - Oct 2024 |
Exports: Denmark (SEK th) | 12,145,826.000 Oct 2024 | monthly | Jan 1998 - Oct 2024 |
Exports: USA (SEK th) | 15,601,191.000 Oct 2024 | monthly | Jan 1998 - Oct 2024 |
Exports: Germany (SEK th) | 19,729,962.000 Oct 2024 | monthly | Jan 1998 - Oct 2024 |
Exports: United Kingdom (SEK th) | 10,492,181.000 Oct 2024 | monthly | Jan 1998 - Oct 2024 |
Imports: 1-Digit: Manufactured Goods (SEK th) | 23,839,671.000 Oct 2024 | monthly | Jan 1998 - Oct 2024 |
Imports: 1-Digit: Miscellaneous Manufactured Articles (SEK th) | 23,023,501.000 Oct 2024 | monthly | Jan 1998 - Oct 2024 |
Imports: 1-Digit: Crude Material and Inedible excl Fuel (SEK th) | 5,959,595.000 Oct 2024 | monthly | Jan 1998 - Oct 2024 |
Imports: 1-Digit: Mineral Fuel and Lubricants (SEK th) | 16,216,347.000 Oct 2024 | monthly | Jan 1998 - Oct 2024 |
Imports: 1-Digit: Machinery and Transport Equipment (SEK th) | 70,814,119.000 Oct 2024 | monthly | Jan 1998 - Oct 2024 |
Imports: United Kingdom (SEK th) | 6,954,903.000 Oct 2024 | monthly | Jan 1998 - Oct 2024 |
Imports: Denmark (SEK th) | 12,078,158.000 Oct 2024 | monthly | Jan 1998 - Oct 2024 |
Imports: Germany (SEK th) | 29,714,685.000 Oct 2024 | monthly | Jan 1998 - Oct 2024 |
Export Value Index (2015=100) | 135.502 2021 | yearly | 1995 - 2021 |
Import Value Index (2015=100) | 135.045 2021 | yearly | 1995 - 2021 |
Monetary | Last | Frequency | Range |
---|---|---|---|
Non Performing Loans Ratio (%) | 0.4 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2012 - Jun 2024 |
Household Debt: % of GDP (%) | 86.2 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1996 - Sep 2024 |
Money Supply M1 (USD mn) | 357,343.829 Nov 2024 | monthly | Jan 1998 - Nov 2024 |
Money Supply M2 (USD mn) | 440,853.299 Nov 2024 | monthly | Jan 1998 - Nov 2024 |
M2 Growth (%) | 1.1 Nov 2024 | monthly | Jan 1999 - Nov 2024 |
Foreign Exchange Reserves (USD mn) | 43,211.0 Nov 2024 | monthly | Mar 2000 - Nov 2024 |
Foreign Exchange Reserves: % of GDP (%) | 7.243 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2000 - Sep 2024 |
Foreign Exchange Reserves: Months of Import (NA) | 2.7 Nov 2024 | monthly | Mar 2000 - Nov 2024 |
Gold Reserves (USD mn) | 10,763.000 Nov 2024 | monthly | Mar 2000 - Nov 2024 |
Total Deposits (USD mn) | 991,996.103 Nov 2024 | monthly | Dec 1975 - Nov 2024 |
Total Deposits Growth (%) | 3.0 Nov 2024 | monthly | Dec 1976 - Nov 2024 |
Domestic Credit (USD mn) | 1,000,402.7 Aug 2024 | monthly | Dec 2001 - Aug 2024 |
Domestic Credit Growth (%) | -6.8 Aug 2024 | monthly | Dec 2002 - Aug 2024 |
Debt Service Ratio: Households (%) | 13.100 Dec 2023 | quarterly | Mar 1999 - Dec 2023 |
Debt Service Ratio: Private Non-Financial Sector (%) | 24.500 Dec 2023 | quarterly | Mar 1999 - Dec 2023 |
Credit to Households (USD bn) | 498.044 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Dec 1980 - Jun 2024 |
Credit to Private Non-Financial Sector (USD bn) | 1,471.243 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1961 - Jun 2024 |
Household Debt (USD mn) | 542,117.3 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1996 - Sep 2024 |
Total Loans (USD mn) | 1,306,345.591 Nov 2024 | monthly | Dec 1975 - Nov 2024 |
Total Loans Growth (%) | 2.13 Nov 2024 | monthly | Dec 1976 - Nov 2024 |
Private Debt: % of Nominal GDP (%) | 124.24 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Dec 1991 - Sep 2024 |
Money Supply: M0 (SEK mn) | 56,832.018 Nov 2024 | monthly | Jan 1998 - Nov 2024 |
Money Supply: M3 (SEK mn) | 4,860,705.565 Nov 2024 | monthly | Jan 1998 - Nov 2024 |
Official Reserve Assets: Foreign Currency Reserves (FC) (USD mn) | 42,555.000 Nov 2024 | monthly | Mar 2000 - Nov 2024 |
Official Reserve Assets (USD mn) | 64,577.000 Nov 2024 | monthly | Mar 2000 - Nov 2024 |
Banks Deposits (SEK mn) | 8,357,348.010 Nov 2024 | monthly | Dec 1975 - Nov 2024 |
Banks Loans (SEK mn) | 8,649,178.497 Nov 2024 | monthly | Dec 1975 - Nov 2024 |
Business and Economic Survey | Last | Frequency | Range |
---|---|---|---|
Business Confidence Growth (% Point) | 9.8 Nov 2024 | monthly | Jan 2002 - Nov 2024 |
Purchasing Manager Index: sa (NA) | 53.800 Nov 2024 | monthly | Jan 2001 - Nov 2024 |
Economic Tendency Indicator: sa (NA) | 97.500 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jul 1996 - Dec 2024 |
Economic Tendency Survey: SNI 2007: CI: sa: Retail Trade (% Point) | 111.000 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jul 1996 - Dec 2024 |
Economic Tendency Survey: SNI 2007: Confidence Indicator (CI): sa: Total Industr... (% Point) | 100.600 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jul 1996 - Dec 2024 |
Economic Tendency Survey: SNI 2007: CI: sa: Construction (% Point) | 83.600 Dec 2024 | monthly | May 2010 - Dec 2024 |
Economic Tendency Survey: SNI 2007: CI: sa: Private Service Sector (PS) (% Point) | 98.900 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 1996 - Dec 2024 |
Economic Tendency Survey: SNI 2007: CI: sa: Manufacturing (Mfg) (% Point) | 96.500 Dec 2024 | monthly | Feb 1996 - Dec 2024 |
SE: Ease of Doing Business Rank: 1=Most Business-friendly Regulations (NA) | 10.000 2019 | yearly | 2019 - 2019 |
More Indicators for Sweden
Request a demo of CEIC
CEIC’s economic databases cover over 200 global markets. Our Platform offers the most reliable macroeconomic data and advanced analytical tools.