Sweden Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual
SE: BERD Financed: Government
SE: BERD Financed: Government data was reported at 3.547 % in 2021. This records a decrease from the previous number of 4.347 % for 2019. SE: BERD Financed: Government data is updated yearly, averaging 6.881 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2021, with 20 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 13.641 % in 1981 and a record low of 3.547 % in 2021. SE: BERD Financed: Government data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Sweden – Table SE.OECD.MSTI: Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
In Sweden, funds from the ALF agreement (agreement between central government and seven regions on physician education and clinical research) are reported as GOVERD expenditure from 2019, whereas they were previously reported as HERD. The organisation of the police force was changed in 2015 and this has altered the coverage of the R&D personnel figures (in the government sector) received through survey responses. Part of personnel data were reallocated from the category ”technicians” to the category “researchers” in 2013. In 2011 and 2009, the PNP sector decreased due to a new sampling method. In 2011, for personnel data, the institutional coverage of the Government sector was improved.
Beginning 2007, researchers in the Business enterprise, Government and PNP sectors are now surveyed by occupation; prior to that year, data correspond to university graduates instead of researchers.
Until 2005, R&D data for Sweden were underestimated: R&D in the Government sector covered central government units only and companies between 10-49 employees were excluded from the coverage. Moreover, prior to 1993 the surveys in the Business Enterprise, Government and Private Non-Profit sectors excluded R&D in the SSH. Also beginning 2005, FTE on R&D in the Higher education sector reflects a change in survey method. Concerning the Government sector, beginning 2005, the data exclude R&D personnel from the County councils, resulting in the personnel data being underestimated.
From 1997, funding from the Public Research Foundations, previously classified in the PNP sector, is considered as funding from the government sector, due to their re-classification.
In 1995, some institutions from the PNP sector were reclassified to the Business Enterprise or Government sectors; in the Higher Education sector, capital expenditures are excluded.
Starting in 2023, a new method for compiling GBARD based entirely on administrative data and R&D survey coefficients has been implemented, resulting in a time series break and an estimated increase of total GBARD by approximately 1.46 billion SEK. From 1998, GBARD series refer to the calendar year (January-December) instead of the period July-June which had been used until 1994. Budget allocations for 1995 and 1996 are estimates based on the period July 1995-December 1996. Also from 1998, funding by Public Research Foundations is excluded from the GBARD data.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 3.547 2021 | yearly | 1981 - 2021 |
View Sweden's SE: BERD Financed: Government from 1981 to 2021 in the chart:
SE: BERD Financed: Higher Education And PNP Sectors
SE: BERD Financed: Higher Education And PNP Sectors data was reported at 0.157 % in 2021. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.213 % for 2019. SE: BERD Financed: Higher Education And PNP Sectors data is updated yearly, averaging 0.157 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2021, with 21 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.376 % in 2015 and a record low of 0.000 % in 1989. SE: BERD Financed: Higher Education And PNP Sectors data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Sweden – Table SE.OECD.MSTI: Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
In Sweden, funds from the ALF agreement (agreement between central government and seven regions on physician education and clinical research) are reported as GOVERD expenditure from 2019, whereas they were previously reported as HERD. The organisation of the police force was changed in 2015 and this has altered the coverage of the R&D personnel figures (in the government sector) received through survey responses. Part of personnel data were reallocated from the category ”technicians” to the category “researchers” in 2013. In 2011 and 2009, the PNP sector decreased due to a new sampling method. In 2011, for personnel data, the institutional coverage of the Government sector was improved.
Beginning 2007, researchers in the Business enterprise, Government and PNP sectors are now surveyed by occupation; prior to that year, data correspond to university graduates instead of researchers.
Until 2005, R&D data for Sweden were underestimated: R&D in the Government sector covered central government units only and companies between 10-49 employees were excluded from the coverage. Moreover, prior to 1993 the surveys in the Business Enterprise, Government and Private Non-Profit sectors excluded R&D in the SSH. Also beginning 2005, FTE on R&D in the Higher education sector reflects a change in survey method. Concerning the Government sector, beginning 2005, the data exclude R&D personnel from the County councils, resulting in the personnel data being underestimated.
From 1997, funding from the Public Research Foundations, previously classified in the PNP sector, is considered as funding from the government sector, due to their re-classification.
In 1995, some institutions from the PNP sector were reclassified to the Business Enterprise or Government sectors; in the Higher Education sector, capital expenditures are excluded.
Starting in 2023, a new method for compiling GBARD based entirely on administrative data and R&D survey coefficients has been implemented, resulting in a time series break and an estimated increase of total GBARD by approximately 1.46 billion SEK. From 1998, GBARD series refer to the calendar year (January-December) instead of the period July-June which had been used until 1994. Budget allocations for 1995 and 1996 are estimates based on the period July 1995-December 1996. Also from 1998, funding by Public Research Foundations is excluded from the GBARD data.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 0.157 2021 | yearly | 1981 - 2021 |
View Sweden's SE: BERD Financed: Higher Education And PNP Sectors from 1981 to 2021 in the chart:
SE: BERD Performed: Computer, Electronic And Optical Industry
SE: BERD Performed: Computer, Electronic And Optical Industry data was reported at 2.861 % in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 2.461 % for 2020. SE: BERD Performed: Computer, Electronic And Optical Industry data is updated yearly, averaging 20.401 % from Dec 2007 (Median) to 2021, with 15 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 23.161 % in 2011 and a record low of 2.020 % in 2019. SE: BERD Performed: Computer, Electronic And Optical Industry data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Sweden – Table SE.OECD.MSTI: Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
In Sweden, funds from the ALF agreement (agreement between central government and seven regions on physician education and clinical research) are reported as GOVERD expenditure from 2019, whereas they were previously reported as HERD. The organisation of the police force was changed in 2015 and this has altered the coverage of the R&D personnel figures (in the government sector) received through survey responses. Part of personnel data were reallocated from the category ”technicians” to the category “researchers” in 2013. In 2011 and 2009, the PNP sector decreased due to a new sampling method. In 2011, for personnel data, the institutional coverage of the Government sector was improved.
Beginning 2007, researchers in the Business enterprise, Government and PNP sectors are now surveyed by occupation; prior to that year, data correspond to university graduates instead of researchers.
Until 2005, R&D data for Sweden were underestimated: R&D in the Government sector covered central government units only and companies between 10-49 employees were excluded from the coverage. Moreover, prior to 1993 the surveys in the Business Enterprise, Government and Private Non-Profit sectors excluded R&D in the SSH. Also beginning 2005, FTE on R&D in the Higher education sector reflects a change in survey method. Concerning the Government sector, beginning 2005, the data exclude R&D personnel from the County councils, resulting in the personnel data being underestimated.
From 1997, funding from the Public Research Foundations, previously classified in the PNP sector, is considered as funding from the government sector, due to their re-classification.
In 1995, some institutions from the PNP sector were reclassified to the Business Enterprise or Government sectors; in the Higher Education sector, capital expenditures are excluded.
Starting in 2023, a new method for compiling GBARD based entirely on administrative data and R&D survey coefficients has been implemented, resulting in a time series break and an estimated increase of total GBARD by approximately 1.46 billion SEK. From 1998, GBARD series refer to the calendar year (January-December) instead of the period July-June which had been used until 1994. Budget allocations for 1995 and 1996 are estimates based on the period July 1995-December 1996. Also from 1998, funding by Public Research Foundations is excluded from the GBARD data.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 2.861 2021 | yearly | 2007 - 2021 |
View Sweden's SE: BERD Performed: Computer, Electronic And Optical Industry from 2007 to 2021 in the chart:
SE: BERD Performed: Current PPP: Computer, Electronic and Optical Industry
SE: BERD Performed: Current PPP: Computer, Electronic and Optical Industry data was reported at 465.447 USD mn in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 371.066 USD mn for 2020. SE: BERD Performed: Current PPP: Computer, Electronic and Optical Industry data is updated yearly, averaging 1.949 USD bn from Dec 2007 (Median) to 2021, with 15 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2.220 USD bn in 2015 and a record low of 255.415 USD mn in 2017. SE: BERD Performed: Current PPP: Computer, Electronic and Optical Industry data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Sweden – Table SE.OECD.MSTI: Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
In Sweden, funds from the ALF agreement (agreement between central government and seven regions on physician education and clinical research) are reported as GOVERD expenditure from 2019, whereas they were previously reported as HERD. The organisation of the police force was changed in 2015 and this has altered the coverage of the R&D personnel figures (in the government sector) received through survey responses. Part of personnel data were reallocated from the category ”technicians” to the category “researchers” in 2013. In 2011 and 2009, the PNP sector decreased due to a new sampling method. In 2011, for personnel data, the institutional coverage of the Government sector was improved.
Beginning 2007, researchers in the Business enterprise, Government and PNP sectors are now surveyed by occupation; prior to that year, data correspond to university graduates instead of researchers.
Until 2005, R&D data for Sweden were underestimated: R&D in the Government sector covered central government units only and companies between 10-49 employees were excluded from the coverage. Moreover, prior to 1993 the surveys in the Business Enterprise, Government and Private Non-Profit sectors excluded R&D in the SSH. Also beginning 2005, FTE on R&D in the Higher education sector reflects a change in survey method. Concerning the Government sector, beginning 2005, the data exclude R&D personnel from the County councils, resulting in the personnel data being underestimated.
From 1997, funding from the Public Research Foundations, previously classified in the PNP sector, is considered as funding from the government sector, due to their re-classification.
In 1995, some institutions from the PNP sector were reclassified to the Business Enterprise or Government sectors; in the Higher Education sector, capital expenditures are excluded.
Starting in 2023, a new method for compiling GBARD based entirely on administrative data and R&D survey coefficients has been implemented, resulting in a time series break and an estimated increase of total GBARD by approximately 1.46 billion SEK. From 1998, GBARD series refer to the calendar year (January-December) instead of the period July-June which had been used until 1994. Budget allocations for 1995 and 1996 are estimates based on the period July 1995-December 1996. Also from 1998, funding by Public Research Foundations is excluded from the GBARD data.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 465.447 2021 | yearly | 2007 - 2021 |
View Sweden's SE: BERD Performed: Current PPP: Computer, Electronic and Optical Industry from 2007 to 2021 in the chart:
SE: BERD Performed: Current PPP: Pharmaceutical Industry
SE: BERD Performed: Current PPP: Pharmaceutical Industry data was reported at 1.185 USD bn in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 984.030 USD mn for 2020. SE: BERD Performed: Current PPP: Pharmaceutical Industry data is updated yearly, averaging 829.395 USD mn from Dec 2007 (Median) to 2021, with 15 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1.185 USD bn in 2021 and a record low of 708.328 USD mn in 2009. SE: BERD Performed: Current PPP: Pharmaceutical Industry data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Sweden – Table SE.OECD.MSTI: Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
In Sweden, funds from the ALF agreement (agreement between central government and seven regions on physician education and clinical research) are reported as GOVERD expenditure from 2019, whereas they were previously reported as HERD. The organisation of the police force was changed in 2015 and this has altered the coverage of the R&D personnel figures (in the government sector) received through survey responses. Part of personnel data were reallocated from the category ”technicians” to the category “researchers” in 2013. In 2011 and 2009, the PNP sector decreased due to a new sampling method. In 2011, for personnel data, the institutional coverage of the Government sector was improved.
Beginning 2007, researchers in the Business enterprise, Government and PNP sectors are now surveyed by occupation; prior to that year, data correspond to university graduates instead of researchers.
Until 2005, R&D data for Sweden were underestimated: R&D in the Government sector covered central government units only and companies between 10-49 employees were excluded from the coverage. Moreover, prior to 1993 the surveys in the Business Enterprise, Government and Private Non-Profit sectors excluded R&D in the SSH. Also beginning 2005, FTE on R&D in the Higher education sector reflects a change in survey method. Concerning the Government sector, beginning 2005, the data exclude R&D personnel from the County councils, resulting in the personnel data being underestimated.
From 1997, funding from the Public Research Foundations, previously classified in the PNP sector, is considered as funding from the government sector, due to their re-classification.
In 1995, some institutions from the PNP sector were reclassified to the Business Enterprise or Government sectors; in the Higher Education sector, capital expenditures are excluded.
Starting in 2023, a new method for compiling GBARD based entirely on administrative data and R&D survey coefficients has been implemented, resulting in a time series break and an estimated increase of total GBARD by approximately 1.46 billion SEK. From 1998, GBARD series refer to the calendar year (January-December) instead of the period July-June which had been used until 1994. Budget allocations for 1995 and 1996 are estimates based on the period July 1995-December 1996. Also from 1998, funding by Public Research Foundations is excluded from the GBARD data.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 1,184.535 2021 | yearly | 2007 - 2021 |
View Sweden's SE: BERD Performed: Current PPP: Pharmaceutical Industry from 2007 to 2021 in the chart:
SE: BERD Performed: Service Industries
SE: BERD Performed: Service Industries data was reported at 48.032 % in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 47.744 % for 2020. SE: BERD Performed: Service Industries data is updated yearly, averaging 29.436 % from Dec 2007 (Median) to 2021, with 15 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 48.032 % in 2021 and a record low of 25.093 % in 2009. SE: BERD Performed: Service Industries data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Sweden – Table SE.OECD.MSTI: Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
In Sweden, funds from the ALF agreement (agreement between central government and seven regions on physician education and clinical research) are reported as GOVERD expenditure from 2019, whereas they were previously reported as HERD. The organisation of the police force was changed in 2015 and this has altered the coverage of the R&D personnel figures (in the government sector) received through survey responses. Part of personnel data were reallocated from the category ”technicians” to the category “researchers” in 2013. In 2011 and 2009, the PNP sector decreased due to a new sampling method. In 2011, for personnel data, the institutional coverage of the Government sector was improved.
Beginning 2007, researchers in the Business enterprise, Government and PNP sectors are now surveyed by occupation; prior to that year, data correspond to university graduates instead of researchers.
Until 2005, R&D data for Sweden were underestimated: R&D in the Government sector covered central government units only and companies between 10-49 employees were excluded from the coverage. Moreover, prior to 1993 the surveys in the Business Enterprise, Government and Private Non-Profit sectors excluded R&D in the SSH. Also beginning 2005, FTE on R&D in the Higher education sector reflects a change in survey method. Concerning the Government sector, beginning 2005, the data exclude R&D personnel from the County councils, resulting in the personnel data being underestimated.
From 1997, funding from the Public Research Foundations, previously classified in the PNP sector, is considered as funding from the government sector, due to their re-classification.
In 1995, some institutions from the PNP sector were reclassified to the Business Enterprise or Government sectors; in the Higher Education sector, capital expenditures are excluded.
Starting in 2023, a new method for compiling GBARD based entirely on administrative data and R&D survey coefficients has been implemented, resulting in a time series break and an estimated increase of total GBARD by approximately 1.46 billion SEK. From 1998, GBARD series refer to the calendar year (January-December) instead of the period July-June which had been used until 1994. Budget allocations for 1995 and 1996 are estimates based on the period July 1995-December 1996. Also from 1998, funding by Public Research Foundations is excluded from the GBARD data.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 48.032 2021 | yearly | 2007 - 2021 |
View Sweden's SE: BERD Performed: Service Industries from 2007 to 2021 in the chart:
SE: BERD: % of GDP
SE: BERD: % of GDP data was reported at 2.511 % in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 2.465 % for 2021. SE: BERD: % of GDP data is updated yearly, averaging 2.356 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 31 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3.001 % in 2001 and a record low of 1.291 % in 1981. SE: BERD: % of GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Sweden – Table SE.OECD.MSTI: Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
In Sweden, funds from the ALF agreement (agreement between central government and seven regions on physician education and clinical research) are reported as GOVERD expenditure from 2019, whereas they were previously reported as HERD. The organisation of the police force was changed in 2015 and this has altered the coverage of the R&D personnel figures (in the government sector) received through survey responses. Part of personnel data were reallocated from the category ”technicians” to the category “researchers” in 2013. In 2011 and 2009, the PNP sector decreased due to a new sampling method. In 2011, for personnel data, the institutional coverage of the Government sector was improved.
Beginning 2007, researchers in the Business enterprise, Government and PNP sectors are now surveyed by occupation; prior to that year, data correspond to university graduates instead of researchers.
Until 2005, R&D data for Sweden were underestimated: R&D in the Government sector covered central government units only and companies between 10-49 employees were excluded from the coverage. Moreover, prior to 1993 the surveys in the Business Enterprise, Government and Private Non-Profit sectors excluded R&D in the SSH. Also beginning 2005, FTE on R&D in the Higher education sector reflects a change in survey method. Concerning the Government sector, beginning 2005, the data exclude R&D personnel from the County councils, resulting in the personnel data being underestimated.
From 1997, funding from the Public Research Foundations, previously classified in the PNP sector, is considered as funding from the government sector, due to their re-classification.
In 1995, some institutions from the PNP sector were reclassified to the Business Enterprise or Government sectors; in the Higher Education sector, capital expenditures are excluded.
Starting in 2023, a new method for compiling GBARD based entirely on administrative data and R&D survey coefficients has been implemented, resulting in a time series break and an estimated increase of total GBARD by approximately 1.46 billion SEK. From 1998, GBARD series refer to the calendar year (January-December) instead of the period July-June which had been used until 1994. Budget allocations for 1995 and 1996 are estimates based on the period July 1995-December 1996. Also from 1998, funding by Public Research Foundations is excluded from the GBARD data.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 2.511 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |
View Sweden's SE: BERD: % of GDP from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:
SE: BERD: % of Value Added
SE: BERD: % of Value Added data was reported at 3.954 % in 2021. This records a decrease from the previous number of 4.086 % for 2020. SE: BERD: % of Value Added data is updated yearly, averaging 3.769 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2021, with 30 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 4.806 % in 2001 and a record low of 2.061 % in 1981. SE: BERD: % of Value Added data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Sweden – Table SE.OECD.MSTI: Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
Definition of MSTI variables 'Value Added of Industry' and 'Industrial Employment':
R&D data are typically expressed as a percentage of GDP to allow cross-country comparisons. When compiling such indicators for the business enterprise sector, one may wish to exclude, from GDP measures, economic activities for which the Business R&D (BERD) is null or negligible by definition. By doing so, the adjusted denominator (GDP, or Value Added, excluding non-relevant industries) better correspond to the numerator (BERD) with which it is compared to.
The MSTI variable 'Value added in industry' is used to this end:
It is calculated as the total Gross Value Added (GVA) excluding 'real estate activities' (ISIC rev.4 68) where the 'imputed rent of owner-occupied dwellings', specific to the framework of the System of National Accounts, represents a significant share of total GVA and has no R&D counterpart. Moreover, the R&D performed by the community, social and personal services is mainly driven by R&D performers other than businesses.
Consequently, the following service industries are also excluded: ISIC rev.4 84 to 88 and 97 to 98. GVA data are presented at basic prices except for the People's Republic of China, Japan and New Zealand (expressed at producers' prices).In the same way, some indicators on R&D personnel in the business sector are expressed as a percentage of industrial employment. The latter corresponds to total employment excluding ISIC rev.4 68, 84 to 88 and 97 to 98.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 3.954 2021 | yearly | 1981 - 2021 |
View Sweden's SE: BERD: % of Value Added from 1981 to 2021 in the chart:
SE: BERD: Current PPP
SE: BERD: Current PPP data was reported at 17.928 USD bn in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 16.270 USD bn for 2021. SE: BERD: Current PPP data is updated yearly, averaging 8.832 USD bn from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 31 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 17.928 USD bn in 2022 and a record low of 1.325 USD bn in 1981. SE: BERD: Current PPP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Sweden – Table SE.OECD.MSTI: Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
In Sweden, funds from the ALF agreement (agreement between central government and seven regions on physician education and clinical research) are reported as GOVERD expenditure from 2019, whereas they were previously reported as HERD. The organisation of the police force was changed in 2015 and this has altered the coverage of the R&D personnel figures (in the government sector) received through survey responses. Part of personnel data were reallocated from the category ”technicians” to the category “researchers” in 2013. In 2011 and 2009, the PNP sector decreased due to a new sampling method. In 2011, for personnel data, the institutional coverage of the Government sector was improved.
Beginning 2007, researchers in the Business enterprise, Government and PNP sectors are now surveyed by occupation; prior to that year, data correspond to university graduates instead of researchers.
Until 2005, R&D data for Sweden were underestimated: R&D in the Government sector covered central government units only and companies between 10-49 employees were excluded from the coverage. Moreover, prior to 1993 the surveys in the Business Enterprise, Government and Private Non-Profit sectors excluded R&D in the SSH. Also beginning 2005, FTE on R&D in the Higher education sector reflects a change in survey method. Concerning the Government sector, beginning 2005, the data exclude R&D personnel from the County councils, resulting in the personnel data being underestimated.
From 1997, funding from the Public Research Foundations, previously classified in the PNP sector, is considered as funding from the government sector, due to their re-classification.
In 1995, some institutions from the PNP sector were reclassified to the Business Enterprise or Government sectors; in the Higher Education sector, capital expenditures are excluded.
Starting in 2023, a new method for compiling GBARD based entirely on administrative data and R&D survey coefficients has been implemented, resulting in a time series break and an estimated increase of total GBARD by approximately 1.46 billion SEK. From 1998, GBARD series refer to the calendar year (January-December) instead of the period July-June which had been used until 1994. Budget allocations for 1995 and 1996 are estimates based on the period July 1995-December 1996. Also from 1998, funding by Public Research Foundations is excluded from the GBARD data.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 17,927.610 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |
View Sweden's SE: BERD: Current PPP from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:
SE: BERD: PPP: 2015p
SE: BERD: PPP: 2015p data was reported at 14.020 USD bn in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 13.406 USD bn for 2021. SE: BERD: PPP: 2015p data is updated yearly, averaging 9.810 USD bn from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 31 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 14.020 USD bn in 2022 and a record low of 2.943 USD bn in 1981. SE: BERD: PPP: 2015p data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Sweden – Table SE.OECD.MSTI: Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
In Sweden, funds from the ALF agreement (agreement between central government and seven regions on physician education and clinical research) are reported as GOVERD expenditure from 2019, whereas they were previously reported as HERD. The organisation of the police force was changed in 2015 and this has altered the coverage of the R&D personnel figures (in the government sector) received through survey responses. Part of personnel data were reallocated from the category ”technicians” to the category “researchers” in 2013. In 2011 and 2009, the PNP sector decreased due to a new sampling method. In 2011, for personnel data, the institutional coverage of the Government sector was improved.
Beginning 2007, researchers in the Business enterprise, Government and PNP sectors are now surveyed by occupation; prior to that year, data correspond to university graduates instead of researchers.
Until 2005, R&D data for Sweden were underestimated: R&D in the Government sector covered central government units only and companies between 10-49 employees were excluded from the coverage. Moreover, prior to 1993 the surveys in the Business Enterprise, Government and Private Non-Profit sectors excluded R&D in the SSH. Also beginning 2005, FTE on R&D in the Higher education sector reflects a change in survey method. Concerning the Government sector, beginning 2005, the data exclude R&D personnel from the County councils, resulting in the personnel data being underestimated.
From 1997, funding from the Public Research Foundations, previously classified in the PNP sector, is considered as funding from the government sector, due to their re-classification.
In 1995, some institutions from the PNP sector were reclassified to the Business Enterprise or Government sectors; in the Higher Education sector, capital expenditures are excluded.
Starting in 2023, a new method for compiling GBARD based entirely on administrative data and R&D survey coefficients has been implemented, resulting in a time series break and an estimated increase of total GBARD by approximately 1.46 billion SEK. From 1998, GBARD series refer to the calendar year (January-December) instead of the period July-June which had been used until 1994. Budget allocations for 1995 and 1996 are estimates based on the period July 1995-December 1996. Also from 1998, funding by Public Research Foundations is excluded from the GBARD data.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 14,019.600 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |
View Sweden's SE: BERD: PPP: 2015p from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:
SE: Business Enterprise Expenditure on R&D (BERD)
SE: Business Enterprise Expenditure on R&D (BERD) data was reported at 149,930.136 SEK mn in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 135,229.641 SEK mn for 2021. SE: Business Enterprise Expenditure on R&D (BERD) data is updated yearly, averaging 78,352.000 SEK mn from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 31 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 149,930.136 SEK mn in 2022 and a record low of 8,479.000 SEK mn in 1981. SE: Business Enterprise Expenditure on R&D (BERD) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Sweden – Table SE.OECD.MSTI: Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
In Sweden, funds from the ALF agreement (agreement between central government and seven regions on physician education and clinical research) are reported as GOVERD expenditure from 2019, whereas they were previously reported as HERD. The organisation of the police force was changed in 2015 and this has altered the coverage of the R&D personnel figures (in the government sector) received through survey responses. Part of personnel data were reallocated from the category ”technicians” to the category “researchers” in 2013. In 2011 and 2009, the PNP sector decreased due to a new sampling method. In 2011, for personnel data, the institutional coverage of the Government sector was improved.
Beginning 2007, researchers in the Business enterprise, Government and PNP sectors are now surveyed by occupation; prior to that year, data correspond to university graduates instead of researchers.
Until 2005, R&D data for Sweden were underestimated: R&D in the Government sector covered central government units only and companies between 10-49 employees were excluded from the coverage. Moreover, prior to 1993 the surveys in the Business Enterprise, Government and Private Non-Profit sectors excluded R&D in the SSH. Also beginning 2005, FTE on R&D in the Higher education sector reflects a change in survey method. Concerning the Government sector, beginning 2005, the data exclude R&D personnel from the County councils, resulting in the personnel data being underestimated.
From 1997, funding from the Public Research Foundations, previously classified in the PNP sector, is considered as funding from the government sector, due to their re-classification.
In 1995, some institutions from the PNP sector were reclassified to the Business Enterprise or Government sectors; in the Higher Education sector, capital expenditures are excluded.
Starting in 2023, a new method for compiling GBARD based entirely on administrative data and R&D survey coefficients has been implemented, resulting in a time series break and an estimated increase of total GBARD by approximately 1.46 billion SEK. From 1998, GBARD series refer to the calendar year (January-December) instead of the period July-June which had been used until 1994. Budget allocations for 1995 and 1996 are estimates based on the period July 1995-December 1996. Also from 1998, funding by Public Research Foundations is excluded from the GBARD data.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 149,930.136 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |
View Sweden's SE: Business Enterprise Expenditure on R&D (BERD) from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:
SE: Business-Financed BERD: % of Value Added
SE: Business-Financed BERD: % of Value Added data was reported at 3.265 % in 2021. This records a decrease from the previous number of 3.347 % for 2019. SE: Business-Financed BERD: % of Value Added data is updated yearly, averaging 3.148 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2021, with 21 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 4.380 % in 2001 and a record low of 1.742 % in 1981. SE: Business-Financed BERD: % of Value Added data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Sweden – Table SE.OECD.MSTI: Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 3.265 2021 | yearly | 1981 - 2021 |
View Sweden's SE: Business-Financed BERD: % of Value Added from 1981 to 2021 in the chart:
SE: Business-Financed BERD: PPP: 2015p
SE: Business-Financed BERD: PPP: 2015p data was reported at 11.067 USD bn in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 10.915 USD bn for 2019. SE: Business-Financed BERD: PPP: 2015p data is updated yearly, averaging 8.005 USD bn from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2021, with 21 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 11.067 USD bn in 2021 and a record low of 2.488 USD bn in 1981. SE: Business-Financed BERD: PPP: 2015p data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Sweden – Table SE.OECD.MSTI: Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
In Sweden, funds from the ALF agreement (agreement between central government and seven regions on physician education and clinical research) are reported as GOVERD expenditure from 2019, whereas they were previously reported as HERD. The organisation of the police force was changed in 2015 and this has altered the coverage of the R&D personnel figures (in the government sector) received through survey responses. Part of personnel data were reallocated from the category ”technicians” to the category “researchers” in 2013. In 2011 and 2009, the PNP sector decreased due to a new sampling method. In 2011, for personnel data, the institutional coverage of the Government sector was improved.
Beginning 2007, researchers in the Business enterprise, Government and PNP sectors are now surveyed by occupation; prior to that year, data correspond to university graduates instead of researchers.
Until 2005, R&D data for Sweden were underestimated: R&D in the Government sector covered central government units only and companies between 10-49 employees were excluded from the coverage. Moreover, prior to 1993 the surveys in the Business Enterprise, Government and Private Non-Profit sectors excluded R&D in the SSH. Also beginning 2005, FTE on R&D in the Higher education sector reflects a change in survey method. Concerning the Government sector, beginning 2005, the data exclude R&D personnel from the County councils, resulting in the personnel data being underestimated.
From 1997, funding from the Public Research Foundations, previously classified in the PNP sector, is considered as funding from the government sector, due to their re-classification.
In 1995, some institutions from the PNP sector were reclassified to the Business Enterprise or Government sectors; in the Higher Education sector, capital expenditures are excluded.
Starting in 2023, a new method for compiling GBARD based entirely on administrative data and R&D survey coefficients has been implemented, resulting in a time series break and an estimated increase of total GBARD by approximately 1.46 billion SEK. From 1998, GBARD series refer to the calendar year (January-December) instead of the period July-June which had been used until 1994. Budget allocations for 1995 and 1996 are estimates based on the period July 1995-December 1996. Also from 1998, funding by Public Research Foundations is excluded from the GBARD data.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 11,067.320 2021 | yearly | 1981 - 2021 |