Sweden SE: BERD Financed: Government

Sweden SE: BERD Financed: Government data was reported at 3.547 % in 2021. This records a decrease from the previous number of 4.347 % for 2019. Sweden SE: BERD Financed: Government data is updated yearly, averaging 6.881 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2021, with 20 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 13.641 % in 1981 and a record low of 3.547 % in 2021. Sweden SE: BERD Financed: Government data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Sweden – Table SE.OECD.MSTI: Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Sweden, funds from the ALF agreement (agreement between central government and seven regions on physician education and clinical research) are reported as GOVERD expenditure from 2019, whereas they were previously reported as HERD. The organisation of the police force was changed in 2015 and this has altered the coverage of the R&D personnel figures (in the government sector) received through survey responses. Part of personnel data were reallocated from the category ”technicians” to the category “researchers” in 2013. In 2011 and 2009, the PNP sector decreased due to a new sampling method. In 2011, for personnel data, the institutional coverage of the Government sector was improved.

Beginning 2007, researchers in the Business enterprise, Government and PNP sectors are now surveyed by occupation; prior to that year, data correspond to university graduates instead of researchers.

Until 2005, R&D data for Sweden were underestimated: R&D in the Government sector covered central government units only and companies between 10-49 employees were excluded from the coverage. Moreover, prior to 1993 the surveys in the Business Enterprise, Government and Private Non-Profit sectors excluded R&D in the SSH. Also beginning 2005, FTE on R&D in the Higher education sector reflects a change in survey method. Concerning the Government sector, beginning 2005, the data exclude R&D personnel from the County councils, resulting in the personnel data being underestimated.

From 1997, funding from the Public Research Foundations, previously classified in the PNP sector, is considered as funding from the government sector, due to their re-classification.

In 1995, some institutions from the PNP sector were reclassified to the Business Enterprise or Government sectors; in the Higher Education sector, capital expenditures are excluded.

Starting in 2023, a new method for compiling GBARD based entirely on administrative data and R&D survey coefficients has been implemented, resulting in a time series break and an estimated increase of total GBARD by approximately 1.46 billion SEK. From 1998, GBARD series refer to the calendar year (January-December) instead of the period July-June which had been used until 1994. Budget allocations for 1995 and 1996 are estimates based on the period July 1995-December 1996. Also from 1998, funding by Public Research Foundations is excluded from the GBARD data.

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