Germany Nominal GDP Growth
Key information about Germany Nominal GDP Growth
- Germany Nominal GDP Growth was reported at 2.535 % in Sep 2024.
- This records a decrease from the previous number of 3.134 % for Jun 2024.
- Germany Nominal GDP Growth data is updated quarterly, averaging 4.569 % from Mar 1961 to Sep 2024, with 255 observations.
- The data reached an all-time high of 24.978 % in Jun 1991 and a record low of -8.152 % in Jun 2020.
- Germany Nominal GDP Growth data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by CEIC Data.
- The data is categorized under World Trend Plus’s Global Economic Monitor – Table: Nominal GDP: Y-o-Y Growth: Quarterly: Seasonally Adjusted.
CEIC calculates quarterly Nominal GDP Growth from quarterly Nominal GDP. Statistisches Bundesamt provides Nominal GDP in EUR. Nominal GDP Growth prior to Q1 1992 is sourced from the International Monetary Fund.
View Germany's Nominal GDP Growth from Mar 1961 to Sep 2024 in the chart:
What was Germany's Nominal GDP Growth in Sep 2024?
Germany Nominal GDP Growth was reported at 2.535 % in Sep 2024. See the table below for more data.
Last | Previous | Min | Max | Unit | Frequency | Range |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2.535 Sep 2024 | 3.134 Jun 2024 | -8.152 Jun 2020 | 24.978 Jun 1991 | % | quarterly | Mar 1961 - Sep 2024 |
Nominal GDP Growth by Country Comparison
country/region | Last | Frequency | Range |
---|---|---|---|
Albania (%) | 7.871 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2009 - Jun 2024 |
Algeria (%) | 6.213 Mar 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2000 - Mar 2024 |
Argentina (%) | 250.930 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1994 - Jun 2024 |
Armenia (%) | 7.035 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Dec 1995 - Jun 2024 |
Australia (%) | 4.372 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Sep 1960 - Jun 2024 |
Austria (%) | 1.388 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1996 - Jun 2024 |
Azerbaijan (%) | 2.381 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2002 - Jun 2024 |
Bahrain (%) | 2.392 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2008 - Jun 2024 |
Bangladesh (%) | 12.407 2024 | yearly | 2007 - 2024 |
Belarus (%) | 15.793 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1995 - Jun 2024 |
Belgium (%) | 4.072 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1981 - Jun 2024 |
Bolivia (%) | 0.615 Mar 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1991 - Mar 2024 |
Bosnia and Herzegovina (%) | 2.641 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2009 - Jun 2024 |
Botswana (%) | -2.189 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Sep 1994 - Jun 2024 |
Brazil (%) | 8.508 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1991 - Sep 2024 |
Brunei (%) | 7.833 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2005 - Jun 2024 |
Bulgaria (%) | 10.939 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1996 - Jun 2024 |
Cambodia (%) | 8.798 2022 | yearly | 1994 - 2022 |
Canada (%) | 4.866 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1958 - Jun 2024 |
Chile (%) | 8.288 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1991 - Jun 2024 |
China (%) | 4.042 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1993 - Sep 2024 |
Colombia (%) | 3.506 Mar 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2001 - Mar 2024 |
Croatia (%) | 8.893 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1996 - Jun 2024 |
Cyprus (%) | 7.754 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1996 - Jun 2024 |
Czech Republic (%) | 4.815 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1996 - Jun 2024 |
Denmark (%) | 3.286 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1991 - Jun 2024 |
Ecuador (%) | 3.653 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1992 - Jun 2024 |
Egypt (%) | 35.403 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Sep 2002 - Jun 2024 |
Estonia (%) | 2.811 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1996 - Jun 2024 |
European Union (%) | 4.061 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1996 - Jun 2024 |
Finland (%) | 0.344 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1991 - Jun 2024 |
France (%) | 3.743 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1950 - Sep 2024 |
Georgia (%) | 12.367 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1997 - Jun 2024 |
Germany (%) | 2.535 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1961 - Sep 2024 |
Ghana (%) | 29.025 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2007 - Jun 2024 |
Greece (%) | 5.123 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1996 - Jun 2024 |
Hong Kong SAR, China (%) | 7.581 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1974 - Jun 2024 |
Hungary (%) | 9.654 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1996 - Jun 2024 |
Iceland (%) | 4.332 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1996 - Jun 2024 |
India (%) | 9.666 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Jun 1997 - Jun 2024 |
Indonesia (%) | 5.995 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1994 - Jun 2024 |
Iran (%) | 35.070 Mar 2024 | quarterly | Jun 1989 - Mar 2024 |
Ireland (%) | -1.208 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1996 - Jun 2024 |
Israel (%) | 3.586 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1996 - Jun 2024 |
Italy (%) | 1.999 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1981 - Jun 2024 |
Ivory Coast (%) | 681.695 Mar 2023 | quarterly | Mar 1998 - Mar 2023 |
Japan (%) | 2.165 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1981 - Jun 2024 |
Jordan (%) | 3.975 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1993 - Jun 2024 |
Kazakhstan (%) | 15.632 Dec 2023 | quarterly | Mar 1995 - Dec 2023 |
Kenya (%) | 7.780 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2010 - Jun 2024 |
South Korea (%) | 7.226 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1961 - Jun 2024 |
Kosovo (%) | 6.081 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2011 - Jun 2024 |
Kuwait (%) | 3.246 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2011 - Jun 2024 |
Kyrgyzstan (%) | 18.207 Dec 2023 | quarterly | Mar 2001 - Dec 2023 |
Laos (%) | 23.128 2023 | yearly | 1985 - 2023 |
Latvia (%) | 2.096 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1996 - Jun 2024 |
Lebanon (%) | 19.333 2020 | yearly | 1998 - 2020 |
Lithuania (%) | 6.888 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1996 - Sep 2024 |
Luxembourg (%) | 2.967 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1996 - Jun 2024 |
Macau SAR, China (%) | 7.805 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1999 - Jun 2024 |
North Macedonia (%) | 7.276 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2001 - Jun 2024 |
Malawi (%) | 10.386 2021 | yearly | 2003 - 2021 |
Malaysia (%) | 7.452 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1992 - Jun 2024 |
Malta (%) | 7.622 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2001 - Jun 2024 |
Mauritius (%) | 14.332 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2000 - Jun 2024 |
Mexico (%) | 6.070 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1994 - Jun 2024 |
Moldova (%) | 4.985 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1996 - Jun 2024 |
Mongolia (%) | 22.032 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2001 - Jun 2024 |
Montenegro (%) | 7.679 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2011 - Jun 2024 |
Morocco (%) | 3.615 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2008 - Jun 2024 |
Mozambique (%) | 11.026 2023 | yearly | 1964 - 2023 |
Nepal (%) | 6.662 2024 | yearly | 2002 - 2024 |
Netherlands (%) | 6.022 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1989 - Jun 2024 |
New Zealand (%) | 3.165 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Jun 1988 - Jun 2024 |
Nigeria (%) | 16.939 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2011 - Jun 2024 |
Norway (%) | 4.266 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1979 - Jun 2024 |
Oman (%) | 4.546 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2006 - Jun 2024 |
Pakistan (%) | 26.432 2024 | yearly | 2001 - 2024 |
Palestinian Territory (%) | -34.320 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2001 - Jun 2024 |
Panama (%) | 3.631 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2008 - Jun 2024 |
Paraguay (%) | 8.679 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1995 - Jun 2024 |
Peru (%) | 5.953 Dec 2022 | quarterly | Mar 1991 - Dec 2022 |
Philippines (%) | 10.136 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1982 - Jun 2024 |
Poland (%) | 5.173 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1996 - Jun 2024 |
Portugal (%) | 10.841 Dec 2022 | quarterly | Mar 1996 - Dec 2022 |
Qatar (%) | -10.389 Dec 2023 | quarterly | Mar 2012 - Dec 2023 |
Romania (%) | 12.512 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1996 - Jun 2024 |
Russia (%) | 19.527 Mar 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1994 - Mar 2024 |
Saudi Arabia (%) | 4.510 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2004 - Jun 2024 |
Serbia (%) | 9.510 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1996 - Jun 2024 |
Singapore (%) | 7.799 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1976 - Jun 2024 |
Slovakia (%) | 7.535 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1996 - Jun 2024 |
Slovenia (%) | 2.897 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1996 - Jun 2024 |
South Africa (%) | 5.079 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1961 - Jun 2024 |
Spain (%) | 6.688 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1971 - Sep 2024 |
Sri Lanka (%) | 8.448 Mar 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2003 - Mar 2024 |
Sudan (%) | 103.797 2020 | yearly | 1961 - 2020 |
Sweden (%) | 4.356 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1981 - Jun 2024 |
Switzerland (%) | 4.113 Dec 2022 | quarterly | Mar 1981 - Dec 2022 |
Syria (%) | 113.698 2022 | yearly | 1971 - 2022 |
Accurate Macro & Micro Economic Data You Can Trust
Explore the most complete set of 6.6 million time series covering more than 200 economies, 20 industries and 18 macroeconomic sectors.
Learn more about what we doGermany Key Series
Government and Public Finance | Last | Frequency | Range |
---|---|---|---|
Consolidated Fiscal Balance: % of GDP (%) | -2.5 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Dec 1991 - Jun 2024 |
Consolidated Fiscal Balance (USD mn) | -16,035.289 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1991 - Jun 2024 |
Tax Revenue (USD mn) | 267,204.227 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1991 - Jun 2024 |
Tax Revenue: % of GDP (%) | 23.4 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1991 - Jun 2024 |
National Government Debt (USD mn) | 2,822,458.8 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2000 - Jun 2024 |
Government Debt: % of GDP (%) | 62.0 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2000 - Jun 2024 |
Forecast: Government Expenditure (EUR bn) | 2,430.883 2029 | yearly | 1991 - 2029 |
Forecast: Government Net Debt (EUR bn) | 2,930.494 2029 | yearly | 1991 - 2029 |
Forecast: Government Revenue (EUR bn) | 2,407.636 2029 | yearly | 1991 - 2029 |
General Government Debt: as % of GDP (%) | 61.900 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2000 - Jun 2024 |
General Govt Debt: Foreign Creditors (EUR bn) | 1,213.567 Mar 2024 | quarterly | Dec 1998 - Mar 2024 |
Foreign Trade | Last | Frequency | Range |
---|---|---|---|
Forecast: Exports of Goods Growth (%) | 2.950 2029 | yearly | 1980 - 2029 |
Trade Balance (USD mn) | 25,026.4 Aug 2024 | monthly | Jan 1957 - Aug 2024 |
Total Exports (USD mn) | 145,585.2 Aug 2024 | monthly | Jan 1957 - Aug 2024 |
Total Exports Growth (%) | 0.2 Aug 2024 | monthly | Jan 1951 - Aug 2024 |
Aluminum: Exports (USD th) | 11,662,105.086 2023 | yearly | 1995 - 2023 |
Exports: Medicament (USD th) | 77,362,590.840 2022 | yearly | 1995 - 2022 |
Exports: Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Product (USD th) | 48,841,952.337 2022 | yearly | 1995 - 2022 |
Total Imports (USD mn) | 120,569.8 Aug 2024 | monthly | Jan 1957 - Aug 2024 |
Total Imports Growth (%) | -3.1 Aug 2024 | monthly | Jan 1951 - Aug 2024 |
Imports: Medicament (USD th) | 35,601,065.963 2022 | yearly | 1995 - 2022 |
Imports: Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Product (USD th) | 44,943,618.651 2022 | yearly | 1995 - 2022 |
Total Exports to USA (USD mn) | 13,930.111 Aug 2024 | monthly | Sep 1977 - Aug 2024 |
Total Imports from USA (USD mn) | 8,595.600 Aug 2024 | monthly | Jul 1990 - Aug 2024 |
Total Exports to China (USD mn) | 7,711.516 Aug 2024 | monthly | Jan 2000 - Aug 2024 |
Total Imports from China (USD mn) | 14,318.776 Aug 2024 | monthly | Jan 2000 - Aug 2024 |
Imports cif (EUR mn) | 102,977.062 Aug 2024 | monthly | Jan 1950 - Aug 2024 |
Exports fob (EUR mn) | 122,027.535 Aug 2024 | monthly | Jan 1950 - Aug 2024 |
Exports fob: YoY (%) | -2.900 Aug 2024 | monthly | Jan 2001 - Aug 2024 |
Imports cif: YoY (%) | -5.300 Aug 2024 | monthly | Jan 2001 - Aug 2024 |
Exports fob: swda (EUR bn) | 132.110 Aug 2024 | monthly | Jan 1950 - Aug 2024 |
Imports cif: swda (EUR bn) | 109.410 Aug 2024 | monthly | Jan 1950 - Aug 2024 |
Trade Balance: swda (EUR bn) | 22.710 Aug 2024 | monthly | Jan 1950 - Aug 2024 |
Imports: SITC: Vehicles, Motorcycles & Bicycles (EUR th) | 9,644,109.000 Aug 2024 | monthly | Jan 2008 - Aug 2024 |
Exports: SITC: Vehicles, Motorcycles & Bicycles (EUR th) | 19,127,064.000 Aug 2024 | monthly | Jan 2008 - Aug 2024 |
Imports: SITC: Mineral Fuels & Oils, Bituminous Substances (EUR th) | 9,556,021.000 Aug 2024 | monthly | Jan 2008 - Aug 2024 |
Exports: SITC: Machinery and Mechanical Appliances (EUR th) | 19,344,406.000 Aug 2024 | monthly | Jan 2008 - Aug 2024 |
Exports: SITC: Electrical Machinery, TV Image and Sound Reproducing (EUR th) | 13,529,801.000 Aug 2024 | monthly | Jan 2008 - Aug 2024 |
Imports: SITC: Machinery and Mechanical Appliances (EUR th) | 12,358,678.000 Aug 2024 | monthly | Jan 2008 - Aug 2024 |
Imports: SITC: Electrical Machinery, TV Image and Sound Reproducing (EUR th) | 14,430,791.000 Aug 2024 | monthly | Jan 2008 - Aug 2024 |
Exports: SITC: Plastics & Articles Thereof (EUR th) | 5,468,410.000 Aug 2024 | monthly | Jan 2008 - Aug 2024 |
Imports: Netherlands (EUR th) | 7,783,616.000 Aug 2024 | monthly | Jan 2000 - Aug 2024 |
Exports: France (EUR th) | 8,222,504.000 Aug 2024 | monthly | Jan 2000 - Aug 2024 |
Exports: United Kingdom (EUR th) | 6,195,726.000 Aug 2024 | monthly | Jan 2000 - Aug 2024 |
Exports: Italy (EUR th) | 5,452,747.000 Aug 2024 | monthly | Jan 2000 - Aug 2024 |
Imports: France (EUR th) | 4,782,689.000 Aug 2024 | monthly | Jan 2000 - Aug 2024 |
Exports: United States of America (EUR th) | 12,640,754.000 Aug 2024 | monthly | Jan 2000 - Aug 2024 |
Exports: Netherlands (EUR th) | 8,638,970.000 Aug 2024 | monthly | Jan 2000 - Aug 2024 |
Imports: Italy (EUR th) | 4,670,301.000 Aug 2024 | monthly | Jan 2000 - Aug 2024 |
Imports: China (EUR th) | 12,993,445.000 Aug 2024 | monthly | Jan 2000 - Aug 2024 |
Imports: United States of America (EUR th) | 7,626,852.000 Aug 2024 | monthly | Jan 2000 - Aug 2024 |
Exports: China (EUR th) | 6,997,746.000 Aug 2024 | monthly | Jan 2000 - Aug 2024 |
Motor Vehicle Exports: Car (Unit) | 241,200.000 Aug 2024 | monthly | Jul 2000 - Aug 2024 |
Exports: SITC: Pharmaceutical Products (EUR th) | 10,076,632.000 Aug 2024 | monthly | Jan 2008 - Aug 2024 |
Imports: SITC: Pharmaceutical Products (EUR th) | 5,666,991.000 Aug 2024 | monthly | Jan 2008 - Aug 2024 |
Exports Value: HS: Photosensitive Semiconductor Devices, Photovoltaic Cells asse... (EUR th) | 24,909.000 Aug 2024 | monthly | Jan 2022 - Aug 2024 |
Imports Value: HS: Photosensitive Semiconductor Devices, Light Emitting Diodes (... (EUR th) | 69,183.000 Aug 2024 | monthly | Jan 2022 - Aug 2024 |
Exports: SITC: Iron & Steel (EUR th) | 2,218,208.000 Aug 2024 | monthly | Jan 2008 - Aug 2024 |
Imports: SITC: Iron & Steel (EUR th) | 1,993,278.000 Aug 2024 | monthly | Jan 2008 - Aug 2024 |
Monetary | Last | Frequency | Range |
---|---|---|---|
Non Performing Loans Ratio (%) | 1.2 2022 | yearly | 2005 - 2022 |
Household Debt: % of GDP (%) | 50.4 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Dec 1991 - Jun 2024 |
Money Supply M1 (USD mn) | 2,930,466.290 Sep 2024 | monthly | Jan 1957 - Sep 2024 |
Money Supply M2 (USD mn) | 4,305,647.835 Sep 2024 | monthly | Jan 1969 - Sep 2024 |
M2 Growth (%) | 2.9 Sep 2024 | monthly | Jan 1970 - Sep 2024 |
Reserve Requirement Ratio (%) | 1.0 Sep 2024 | monthly | Jan 1999 - Sep 2024 |
Foreign Exchange Reserves (USD mn) | 37,441.6 Sep 2024 | monthly | Jan 1957 - Sep 2024 |
Foreign Exchange Reserves: % of GDP (%) | 0.784 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Dec 1991 - Sep 2024 |
Foreign Exchange Reserves: Months of Import (NA) | 0.3 Aug 2024 | monthly | Jan 1957 - Aug 2024 |
Gold Reserves (USD mn) | 283,380.570 Sep 2024 | monthly | Dec 1998 - Sep 2024 |
Total Deposits (USD mn) | 6,634,654.140 Sep 2024 | monthly | Sep 1997 - Sep 2024 |
Total Deposits Growth (%) | 1.1 Sep 2024 | monthly | Sep 1998 - Sep 2024 |
Domestic Credit (USD mn) | 6,320,227.0 Jul 2024 | monthly | Jan 1999 - Jul 2024 |
Domestic Credit Growth (%) | -7.5 Jul 2024 | monthly | Jan 2000 - Jul 2024 |
Debt Service Ratio: Households (%) | 5.800 Dec 2023 | quarterly | Mar 1999 - Dec 2023 |
Debt Service Ratio: Private Non-Financial Sector (%) | 10.800 Dec 2023 | quarterly | Mar 1999 - Dec 2023 |
Credit to Households (USD bn) | 2,373.881 Dec 2023 | quarterly | Dec 1970 - Dec 2023 |
Credit to Private Non-Financial Sector (USD bn) | 5,556.875 Dec 2023 | quarterly | Mar 1955 - Dec 2023 |
Household Debt (USD mn) | 2,298,152.2 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1991 - Jun 2024 |
Total Loans (USD mn) | 8,221,118.137 Sep 2024 | monthly | Jan 1957 - Sep 2024 |
Total Loans Growth (%) | 0.92 Sep 2024 | monthly | Dec 1949 - Sep 2024 |
Private Debt: % of Nominal GDP (%) | 74.99 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Dec 1991 - Jun 2024 |
Money Stock: Chg: M3 (EUR bn) | 15.929 Sep 2024 | monthly | Feb 1970 - Sep 2024 |
Money Stock: Chg: M2 (EUR bn) | 4.93 Mar 2018 | monthly | Feb 1980 - Mar 2018 |
Money Stock: Chg: M1 (EUR bn) | -0.55 Mar 2018 | monthly | Feb 1980 - Mar 2018 |
Money Stock: M3: sa (EUR bn) | 3,950.400 Sep 2024 | monthly | Jan 1995 - Sep 2024 |
Money Stock: M2: sa (EUR bn) | 3,863.300 Sep 2024 | monthly | Jan 1995 - Sep 2024 |
Reserve Ratio: Euro Area (%) | 1.000 Oct 2024 | monthly | Jan 1999 - Oct 2024 |
Intl Reserve: Official Reserve Assets (RA) (EUR mn) | 345,338.000 Sep 2024 | monthly | Dec 1998 - Sep 2024 |
Intl Reserve: RA: Foreign Currency Reserves (FR) (EUR mn) | 33,595.000 Sep 2024 | monthly | Dec 1998 - Sep 2024 |
Intl Reserve: OE: RA: Gold & Gold Claims: Value (EUR mn) | 254,267.000 Sep 2024 | monthly | Dec 1998 - Sep 2024 |
Business and Economic Survey | Last | Frequency | Range |
---|---|---|---|
Business Confidence Growth (% Point) | -5.1 Oct 2024 | monthly | Jan 1992 - Oct 2024 |
Current Economic Situation Indicator: Germany: Balance (%) | -86.900 Oct 2024 | monthly | Dec 1991 - Oct 2024 |
Economic Expectation Indicator: Germany (%) | 13.100 Oct 2024 | monthly | Dec 1991 - Oct 2024 |
Leading Economic Index (2016=100) | 87.800 Aug 2024 | monthly | Jan 1965 - Aug 2024 |
More Indicators for Germany
Request a demo of CEIC
CEIC’s economic databases cover over 200 global markets. Our Platform offers the most reliable macroeconomic data and advanced analytical tools.