Slovenia External Debt: % of GDP
Key information about Slovenia External Debt: % of GDP
- Slovenia External Debt accounted for 88.6 % of the country's Nominal GDP in 2024, compared with the ratio of 90.4 % in the previous year.
- Slovenia External Debt: % of Nominal GDP data is updated yearly, available from Dec 1995 to Dec 2024.
- The data reached an all-time high of 125.5 % in Dec 2014 and a record low of 40.7 % in Dec 1995.
CEIC calculates External Debt as % of Nominal GDP from monthly External Debt and quarterly Nominal GDP. The Bank of Slovenia provides External Debt in EUR. The Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia provides Nominal GDP in EUR.
Related information about Slovenia External Debt: % of GDP
- In the latest reports of Slovenia, Current Account recorded a surplus of 359.8 USD mn in Apr 2023.
- Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) increased by 147.7 USD mn in Apr 2023.
- Slovenia Direct Investment Abroad fell by 135.7 USD mn in Dec 2024.
- Its Foreign Portfolio Investment increased by 367.0 USD mn in Dec 2024.
- The country's External Debt reached 60,664.8 in Apr 2023.
- The country's Nominal GDP was reported at 17.1 USD bn in Mar 2023.
View Slovenia's External Debt: % of GDP from 1995 to 2024 in the chart:
What was Slovenia's External Debt: % of GDP in 2024?
Slovenia External Debt accounted for 88.6 % of the country's Nominal GDP in 2024, compared with the ratio of 90.4 % in the previous year. See the table below for more data.
Last | Previous | Min | Max | Unit | Frequency | Range |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
88.6 2024 | 90.4 2023 | 40.7 1995 | 125.5 2014 | % | yearly | 1995 - 2024 |
External Debt: % of GDP by Country Comparison
country/region | Last | Frequency | Range |
---|---|---|---|
Albania (%) | 45.9 2023 | yearly | 1991 - 2023 |
Algeria (%) | 1.3 2023 | yearly | 1970 - 2023 |
Argentina (%) | 45.3 2023 | yearly | 1994 - 2023 |
Armenia (%) | 64.2 2023 | yearly | 2000 - 2023 |
Australia (%) | 109.2 2023 | yearly | 1988 - 2023 |
Austria (%) | 136.1 2023 | yearly | 1997 - 2023 |
Azerbaijan (%) | 14.9 Dec 2021 | quarterly | Dec 2001 - Dec 2021 |
Bangladesh (%) | 11.4 2017 | yearly | 1997 - 2017 |
Belarus (%) | 48.6 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Dec 2000 - Sep 2024 |
Belgium (%) | 231.5 2023 | yearly | 2007 - 2023 |
Bolivia (%) | 35.0 2023 | yearly | 2006 - 2023 |
Bosnia and Herzegovina (%) | 17.8 2023 | yearly | 1999 - 2023 |
Botswana (%) | 7.3 2023 | yearly | 1995 - 2023 |
Brazil (%) | 27.7 2023 | yearly | 1992 - 2023 |
Bulgaria (%) | 47.6 2023 | yearly | 1999 - 2023 |
Cambodia (%) | 56.7 2022 | yearly | 2010 - 2022 |
Canada (%) | 139.5 2023 | yearly | 1990 - 2023 |
Chile (%) | 71.7 2023 | yearly | 1971 - 2023 |
China (%) | 13.4 2023 | yearly | 1985 - 2023 |
Colombia (%) | 53.2 2023 | yearly | 1970 - 2023 |
Croatia (%) | 73.5 2022 | yearly | 1998 - 2022 |
Cyprus (%) | 828.3 2023 | yearly | 2004 - 2023 |
Czech Republic (%) | 61.7 2023 | yearly | 1995 - 2023 |
Denmark (%) | 132.3 2023 | yearly | 2005 - 2023 |
Ecuador (%) | 48.3 2023 | yearly | 1970 - 2023 |
Egypt (%) | 38.8 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Jun 1999 - Jun 2024 |
Estonia (%) | 89.2 2023 | yearly | 1996 - 2023 |
European Union (%) | 111.1 2023 | yearly | 2008 - 2023 |
Finland (%) | 215.3 2023 | yearly | 1991 - 2023 |
France (%) | 244.9 2023 | yearly | 2004 - 2023 |
Georgia (%) | 79.6 2023 | yearly | 1999 - 2023 |
Germany (%) | 146.1 2023 | yearly | 1999 - 2023 |
Ghana (%) | 39.5 2023 | yearly | 1999 - 2023 |
Greece (%) | 246.0 2023 | yearly | 2003 - 2023 |
Hong Kong SAR, China (%) | 483.3 2023 | yearly | 2001 - 2023 |
Hungary (%) | 128.8 2023 | yearly | 2006 - 2023 |
Iceland (%) | 75.5 2023 | yearly | 1989 - 2023 |
India (%) | 18.9 2023 | yearly | 1970 - 2023 |
Indonesia (%) | 30.4 2024 | yearly | 2003 - 2024 |
Iran (%) | 0.3 2023 | yearly | 1994 - 2023 |
Ireland (%) | 556.6 2023 | yearly | 2002 - 2023 |
Israel (%) | 28.4 2023 | yearly | 1998 - 2023 |
Italy (%) | 129.0 2022 | yearly | 2002 - 2022 |
Ivory Coast (%) | 31.4 2021 | yearly | 1994 - 2021 |
Japan (%) | 107.7 2023 | yearly | 2003 - 2023 |
Jordan (%) | 80.7 2023 | yearly | 1970 - 2023 |
Kazakhstan (%) | 59.5 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2002 - Sep 2024 |
Kenya (%) | 40.3 2023 | yearly | 2006 - 2023 |
South Korea (%) | 36.6 2023 | yearly | 1994 - 2023 |
Kosovo (%) | 39.6 2023 | yearly | 2007 - 2023 |
Kuwait (%) | 39.4 2023 | yearly | 2014 - 2023 |
Kyrgyzstan (%) | 66.6 2023 | yearly | 2003 - 2023 |
Laos (%) | 74.2 2023 | yearly | 1996 - 2023 |
Latvia (%) | 106.8 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2000 - Sep 2024 |
Lebanon (%) | 21.2 2021 | yearly | 2007 - 2021 |
Lithuania (%) | 69.2 2023 | yearly | 1996 - 2023 |
Luxembourg (%) | 4,446.8 2023 | yearly | 2002 - 2023 |
North Macedonia (%) | 83.2 2023 | yearly | 2004 - 2023 |
Malawi (%) | 60.1 2021 | yearly | 2006 - 2021 |
Malaysia (%) | 69.7 2024 | yearly | 2009 - 2024 |
Malta (%) | 858.8 2023 | yearly | 2004 - 2023 |
Mauritius (%) | 1,359.5 2023 | yearly | 2009 - 2023 |
Mexico (%) | 33.0 2023 | yearly | 2002 - 2023 |
Moldova (%) | 60.6 2023 | yearly | 2000 - 2023 |
Mongolia (%) | 170.1 2023 | yearly | 1992 - 2023 |
Montenegro (%) | 141.5 2022 | yearly | 2006 - 2022 |
Morocco (%) | 50.9 2022 | yearly | 1970 - 2022 |
Mozambique (%) | 71.7 2020 | yearly | 1985 - 2020 |
Myanmar (%) | 16.7 2020 | yearly | 2018 - 2020 |
Nepal (%) | 17.3 2016 | yearly | 2001 - 2016 |
Netherlands (%) | 373.8 2023 | yearly | 2003 - 2023 |
New Zealand (%) | 86.4 2023 | yearly | 1993 - 2023 |
Nigeria (%) | 11.9 2023 | yearly | 1985 - 2023 |
Norway (%) | 147.9 2023 | yearly | 2003 - 2023 |
Pakistan (%) | 35.1 2024 | yearly | 2000 - 2024 |
Palestinian Territory (%) | 12.2 2023 | yearly | 2012 - 2023 |
Panama (%) | 167.4 2021 | yearly | 2014 - 2021 |
Paraguay (%) | 56.2 2023 | yearly | 2000 - 2023 |
Peru (%) | 39.3 2023 | yearly | 1980 - 2023 |
Philippines (%) | 28.7 2023 | yearly | 1990 - 2023 |
Poland (%) | 49.6 2023 | yearly | 1995 - 2023 |
Portugal (%) | 149.6 2023 | yearly | 1996 - 2023 |
Qatar (%) | 106.1 2018 | yearly | 2000 - 2018 |
Romania (%) | 56.5 2023 | yearly | 1995 - 2023 |
Russia (%) | 13.4 2024 | yearly | 1993 - 2024 |
Serbia (%) | 65.3 2023 | yearly | 2000 - 2023 |
Singapore (%) | 391.1 2023 | yearly | 2003 - 2023 |
Slovakia (%) | 96.0 2023 | yearly | 1995 - 2023 |
Slovenia (%) | 88.6 2024 | yearly | 1995 - 2024 |
South Africa (%) | 41.5 2023 | yearly | 1985 - 2023 |
Spain (%) | 163.6 2023 | yearly | 1995 - 2023 |
Sri Lanka (%) | 75.0 2022 | yearly | 1998 - 2022 |
Sudan (%) | 202.2 2021 | yearly | 2001 - 2021 |
Sweden (%) | 169.1 2023 | yearly | 1997 - 2023 |
Switzerland (%) | 238.7 2023 | yearly | 1999 - 2023 |
Taiwan (%) | 27.6 2024 | yearly | 1999 - 2024 |
Tajikistan (%) | 37.7 2021 | yearly | 2000 - 2021 |
Thailand (%) | 38.0 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2005 - Sep 2024 |
Tunisia (%) | 90.4 2023 | yearly | 2002 - 2023 |
Turkey (%) | 45.1 2023 | yearly | 1989 - 2023 |
Accurate Macro & Micro Economic Data You Can Trust
Explore the most complete set of 6.6 million time series covering more than 200 economies, 20 industries and 18 macroeconomic sectors.
Learn more about what we doSlovenia Key Series
Government and Public Finance | Last | Frequency | Range |
---|---|---|---|
Consolidated Fiscal Balance: % of GDP (%) | -1.4 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Dec 2000 - Dec 2024 |
Consolidated Fiscal Balance (USD mn) | -484.147 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 2000 - Dec 2024 |
Tax Revenue (USD mn) | 1,290.382 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 2000 - Dec 2024 |
Tax Revenue: % of GDP (%) | 21.7 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2000 - Dec 2024 |
National Government Debt (USD mn) | 49,311.3 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Dec 1999 - Sep 2024 |
Government Debt: % of GDP (%) | 66.7 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Dec 1999 - Sep 2024 |
Forecast: Government Expenditure (EUR bn) | 38.612 2029 | yearly | 1995 - 2029 |
Forecast: Government Net Debt (EUR bn) | 51.948 2029 | yearly | 1995 - 2029 |
Forecast: Government Revenue (EUR bn) | 37.226 2029 | yearly | 1995 - 2029 |
General Govt Revenue: Cons: EUR: Current: Tax: DG: VAT, General Sales or Turnove... (EUR) | 459,184,442.580 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 2000 - Dec 2024 |
General Govt Revenue: Cons: EUR (EUR) | 2,977,506,713.270 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 2000 - Dec 2024 |
General Govt Revenue: Cons: EUR: Current: Tax: DG: Excises (EUR) | 129,723,623.650 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 2000 - Dec 2024 |
General Govt Revenue: Cons: EUR: Current: Tax: Income & Profit (IP) (EUR) | 536,912,838.690 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 2000 - Dec 2024 |
General Govt Revenue: Cons: EUR: Current: Tax: Social Security Contributions (SC... (EUR) | 1,018,847,678.510 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 2000 - Dec 2024 |
General Govt Revenue: Cons: EUR: Current (EUR) | 2,553,445,921.200 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 2000 - Dec 2024 |
General Govt Revenue: Cons: EUR: Current: Tax (EUR) | 2,251,068,571.850 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 2000 - Dec 2024 |
General Govt Revenue: Cons: EUR: Grants (EUR) | 754,624.330 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 2000 - Dec 2024 |
General Govt Revenue: Cons: EUR: Current: Tax: Payroll & Workforce (PW) (EUR) | 3,206,905.090 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 2000 - Dec 2024 |
General Govt Revenue: Cons: EUR: Current: Tax: Property (EUR) | 24,041,930.790 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 2000 - Dec 2024 |
General Govt Expenditure: Cons: EUR: Current (EUR) | 1,535,292,172.460 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 2000 - Dec 2024 |
General Govt Expenditure: Cons: EUR: Capital (EUR) | 536,775,443.070 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 2000 - Dec 2024 |
General Govt Expenditure: Cons: EUR (EUR) | 3,439,831,941.480 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 2000 - Dec 2024 |
General Govt Lending: Cons: EUR: LE: Acquisition of Equities (AE) (EUR) | 2,021,500.000 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 2000 - Dec 2024 |
General Govt Budget: Cons: EUR: Deficit or Surplus (EUR) | -462,325,228.210 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 2000 - Dec 2024 |
General Govt Financing: EUR: Net (EUR) | 462,325,228.210 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 2000 - Dec 2024 |
General Government Debt (EUR mn) | 44,245.200 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Dec 1994 - Sep 2024 |
Government Debt: Guaranteed: EUR: External: Long Term (EUR th) | 3,304,874.856 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Dec 1993 - Dec 2024 |
Government Debt: Guaranteed: EUR: External (EUR th) | 3,304,874.856 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Dec 1993 - Dec 2024 |
Government Debt: Guaranteed: EUR: Domestic: Short Term (EUR th) | 0.000 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Dec 1993 - Dec 2024 |
Government Debt: Guaranteed: EUR: Domestic: Long Term (EUR th) | 566,372.408 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Dec 1993 - Dec 2024 |
Government Debt: Guaranteed: EUR: External: Short Term (EUR th) | 0.000 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Dec 1993 - Dec 2024 |
Government Debt: Guaranteed: EUR: Domestic (EUR th) | 566,372.408 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Dec 1993 - Dec 2024 |
Foreign Trade | Last | Frequency | Range |
---|---|---|---|
Forecast: Exports of Goods Growth (%) | 4.602 2029 | yearly | 1993 - 2029 |
Trade Balance (USD mn) | -924.0 Dec 2024 | monthly | Nov 1991 - Dec 2024 |
Total Exports (USD mn) | 4,866.5 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 1996 - Dec 2024 |
Total Exports Growth (%) | 17.7 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 1997 - Dec 2024 |
Aluminum: Exports (USD th) | 1,456,752.242 2023 | yearly | 1995 - 2023 |
Exports: Medicament (USD th) | 21,881,716.244 2023 | yearly | 1995 - 2023 |
Exports: Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Product (USD th) | 1,399,649.020 2023 | yearly | 1995 - 2023 |
Total Imports (USD mn) | 5,790.5 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 1996 - Dec 2024 |
Total Imports Growth (%) | 39.7 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 1997 - Dec 2024 |
Imports: Medicament (USD th) | 7,838,090.302 2022 | yearly | 1995 - 2022 |
Imports: Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Product (USD th) | 1,237,448.937 2022 | yearly | 1995 - 2022 |
Total Exports to USA (USD mn) | 73.592 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 1993 - Dec 2024 |
Total Imports from USA (USD mn) | 23.950 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 1996 - Dec 2024 |
Total Exports to China (USD mn) | 25.722 Dec 2024 | monthly | Apr 1997 - Dec 2024 |
Total Imports from China (USD mn) | 810.982 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 2000 - Dec 2024 |
Merchandise Trade Index: EUR: Exports: Prev Month=100 (Prev Mth=100) | 85.800 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 2000 - Dec 2024 |
Merchandise Trade: EUR: Balance (EUR mn) | -882.376 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 1996 - Dec 2024 |
Merchandise Trade: EUR: Imports (EUR mn) | 5,529.513 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 1996 - Dec 2024 |
Merchandise Trade Index: EUR: Imports: Prev Month=100 (Prev Mth=100) | 95.600 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 2000 - Dec 2024 |
Merchandise Trade: EUR: Exports (EUR mn) | 4,647.137 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 1996 - Dec 2024 |
Exports: SITC: Manufactured Goods by Material (EUR th) | 486,696.121 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 1996 - Dec 2024 |
Exports: SITC: Chemical Products (EUR th) | 2,256,661.345 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 1996 - Dec 2024 |
Exports: SITC: Machinery and Transport Equipment (EUR th) | 1,055,753.590 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 1996 - Dec 2024 |
Exports: SITC: Mineral Fuels and Lubricants (EUR th) | 269,759.945 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 1996 - Dec 2024 |
Exports: SITC: Food and Live Animals (EUR th) | 147,217.412 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 1996 - Dec 2024 |
Exports: EU: Croatia (EUR th) | 355,401.697 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 1996 - Dec 2024 |
Exports: EU: Germany (EUR th) | 457,967.393 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 1996 - Dec 2024 |
Exports: EU: Italy (EUR th) | 274,132.104 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 1996 - Dec 2024 |
Imports: SITC: Machinery and Transport Equipment (EUR th) | 1,015,813.817 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 1996 - Dec 2024 |
Imports: SITC: Food and Live Animals (EUR th) | 258,276.559 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 1996 - Dec 2024 |
Imports: SITC: Chemical Products (EUR th) | 2,856,854.059 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 1996 - Dec 2024 |
Imports: SITC: Mineral Fuels and Lubricants (EUR th) | 425,759.997 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 1996 - Dec 2024 |
Imports: SITC: Manufactured Goods by Material (EUR th) | 486,335.795 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 1996 - Dec 2024 |
Imports: EU: Germany (EUR th) | 496,727.961 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 1996 - Dec 2024 |
Imports: EU: Croatia (EUR th) | 232,177.769 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 1996 - Dec 2024 |
Imports: EU: Italy (EUR th) | 499,854.187 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 1996 - Dec 2024 |
Energy Trade: Natural Gas: Production (Cub m th) | 320.241 Jan 2025 | monthly | Jan 2004 - Jan 2025 |
Energy Trade: Natural Gas: Export (Cub m th) | 118.000 Jan 2025 | monthly | Jan 2004 - Jan 2025 |
Energy Trade: Natural Gas: Import (Cub m th) | 109,611.000 Jan 2025 | monthly | Jan 2004 - Jan 2025 |
Export Value Index (2015=100) | 179.621 2021 | yearly | 1995 - 2021 |
Import Value Index (2015=100) | 193.057 2021 | yearly | 1995 - 2021 |
Monetary | Last | Frequency | Range |
---|---|---|---|
Non Performing Loans Ratio (%) | 0.7 Dec 2024 | monthly | Mar 2008 - Dec 2024 |
Household Debt: % of GDP (%) | 27.6 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2004 - Sep 2024 |
Money Supply M1 (USD mn) | 41,845.988 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 1994 - Dec 2024 |
Money Supply M2 (USD mn) | 48,542.050 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 1994 - Dec 2024 |
M2 Growth (%) | 1.3 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 2008 - Dec 2024 |
Reserve Requirement Ratio (%) | 1.0 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 1999 - Dec 2024 |
Foreign Exchange Reserves (USD mn) | 1,395.7 Jan 2025 | monthly | Jan 1994 - Jan 2025 |
Foreign Exchange Reserves: % of GDP (%) | 1.865 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Dec 1995 - Dec 2024 |
Foreign Exchange Reserves: Months of Import (NA) | 0.2 Nov 2024 | monthly | Jan 1996 - Nov 2024 |
Gold Reserves (USD mn) | 313.040 Jan 2025 | monthly | Dec 1991 - Jan 2025 |
Total Deposits (USD mn) | 43,843.348 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 2004 - Dec 2024 |
Total Deposits Growth (%) | 0.9 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 2005 - Dec 2024 |
Domestic Credit (USD mn) | 38,913.1 Nov 2024 | monthly | Jan 2004 - Nov 2024 |
Domestic Credit Growth (%) | 4.8 Nov 2024 | monthly | Jan 2005 - Nov 2024 |
Household Debt (USD mn) | 20,383.7 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2004 - Sep 2024 |
Total Loans (USD mn) | 39,780.963 Dec 2024 | monthly | Dec 2004 - Dec 2024 |
Total Loans Growth (%) | -5.58 Dec 2024 | monthly | Dec 2005 - Dec 2024 |
Private Debt: % of Nominal GDP (%) | 35.65 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Dec 2004 - Dec 2024 |
Monetary Aggregate: SVN Contribution: excl Currency in Circulation: M1 (EUR mn) | 33,560.000 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 2007 - Dec 2024 |
Monetary Aggregate: SVN Contribution: excl Currency in Circulation: M3 (EUR mn) | 40,200.000 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 2007 - Dec 2024 |
Monetary Aggregate: SVN Contribution: Currency in Circulation (EUR mn) | 6,867.000 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 2007 - Dec 2024 |
Monetary Aggregate: SVN Contribution: excl Currency in Circulation: M2 (EUR mn) | 40,029.000 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 2007 - Dec 2024 |
Official Reserve Assets (EUR mn) | 2,880.000 Jan 2025 | monthly | Jan 1994 - Jan 2025 |
Official Reserve Assets: Foreign Currency (EUR mn) | 1,342.000 Jan 2025 | monthly | Jan 1994 - Jan 2025 |
Business and Economic Survey | Last | Frequency | Range |
---|---|---|---|
Business Confidence Growth (% Point) | 0.4 Jan 2025 | monthly | May 1996 - Jan 2025 |
Business Survey: sa: Confidence Indicator in Services (%) | 16.203 Jan 2025 | monthly | Apr 2002 - Jan 2025 |
Business Survey: sa: Confidence Indicator in Construction (%) | 4.363 Jan 2025 | monthly | Mar 2002 - Jan 2025 |
Business Survey: sa: Sentiment Indicator (%) | -2.639 Jan 2025 | monthly | Jan 2000 - Jan 2025 |
Business Survey: sa: Confidence Indicator in Manufacturing (%) | -7.454 Jan 2025 | monthly | May 1995 - Jan 2025 |
Business Survey: Manufacturing: Capacity Utilization Rate (%) | 80.699 Jan 2025 | quarterly | Jan 1996 - Jan 2025 |
More Indicators for Slovenia
Request a demo of CEIC
CEIC’s economic databases cover over 200 global markets. Our Platform offers the most reliable macroeconomic data and advanced analytical tools.